| Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is one of the famous "Four Huaiqing Chinese medicines".Because of the nutrition breeding chronically,it leads to the variety degeneration,the decline of quality and affects the economic benefits seriously.We collected the chromosomes doubled lines D1,D2 and D3 in the early stage of this experiment,and carried out three generations of field planting.We observed many aspects,such as morphology,physiology,yield quality,and so on.We screened out the optimum strains and researched their indoor high temperature resistance.The results are as follows:1.Morphological aspects.In the field growth stage,the plant height and crown width of each strain were the highest in October,and the plant height and crown width of chromosome doubled strain were larger than that of control strain.The plant height(90.64 cm)and crown width(85.1 cm)of the third generation chromosome doubling strain D2 were higher than those of three generations.2.Physiological aspects.In the field growth stage,the photosynthetic pigments of the chromosome doubled were greater than that of the control in the same generation,D2 strain showed the best performance,D2 strain in the generation of its content was no significant difference.In the same generation,The NR activity and soluble protein content of chromosome doubling strains in the same generation were higher than that in the control,in which the activity of D2 was the highest,and the overall performance was three generations,more than two generations,more than one generation.In one generation of chromosome doubling of strains MDA,H2O2,O2·? three indexes were lower than the control plants.The activities of SOD,POD and APX in chromosome doubled strains were higher than those in control.The D2 strain had the highest activity among the same strains.The activities of PAL,C4 H and 4CL in the flowering stage were higher than those in the control,and the activity of D2 strain was the highest.3.Yield aspects.The number of branches per plant,flower weight,flower weight,flower weight and diameterof single flower were higher than those of control strains.The fresh weight and dry weight per mu of chromosomal doubled strains showed an increasing trend with the increase of algebra.In the third generation,the yield reached the maximum,while the D2 strain showed the best,and the fresh flower weight per mu was 1368.8kg,which was 54.72% higher than that of the control(884.68kg);the dry weight of flower per mu 190.52 kg was 48.66% higher than that of the control(128.16kg).4.Quality aspects.The results of chlorogenic acid,luteolin and 3,5-O-diacetoyl quinine in different algebraic strains were determined.The three medicinal components of D1,D2 and D3 strains were higher than that of the control strains,and the quality of D2 strains was the best.Among them,three medicinal ingredients D2 strains reached the highest in the second generation,respectively 3.363mg/g,1.164 mg/g and 13.388 mg/g,compared with the control increased by 59.16%,64.87%,28.82%.5.Resistance aspects.The polyploid strain D2 was compared with the control tube seedling for 7 consecutive days.Morphology of the CK strains began to turn yellow on the 3rd to 5th day of the high temperature treatment,and the buds were withered,while the D2 strains did not change significantly at the end of the high temperature.In the physiological indexes,D2 strains of chlorophyll,soluble protein,proline,SOD,POD,APX,GR activity were greater than CK strains,MDA and O2-generation rate were lower than CK strains.Indicating that the chromosomes doubled after the plant has a strong resistance.In summary,all from the three chromosome doubling strains and three generation of comparative study of selected D2 strain for high yield and high quality,strong resistance and chromosome doubling lines,laid the foundation for breeding new varieties of polyploid with white chrysanthemum. |
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