| The safety treatment of manure is a major challenge for livestock production and for agricultural resource and environment management in China.Using greenhouse pot experiment,this study investigated the changes in oxytetracycline residue in treated products and in their effects on soil properties,vegetable productivity and leaf quality of manure under different treatments.Untreated pig manure(PM),composted pig manure(MOF)and carbonized pig manure biochar(PBC)were amended in vegetable soil in mass equivalent and growth and quality of cabbage were observed over the whole vegetable growing stage.To provide scientific basis for harmless treatment and resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure.The main results are as follows:(1)Compared with the control treatment,organic manure application significantly increased soil pH,organic carbon,total nitrogen and available phosphorus,enhance the rate of 5%to 11%,110%to 222%,42%to 67%and 51%?93%.The organic carbon content and C/N of PBC treatment was significantly higher than PM and MOF treatment,while the total nitrogen and available phosphorus content of PBC treatment was significantly higher than that of PM treatment,but there was no difference with MOF treatment.Except MOF treatment,the soil ammonium nitrogen content of PM and PBC treatment had no difference with the control.Compared with the control,the pig manure treated with different application methods can significantly decrease the content of nitrate nitrogen in soil,the drop between the 44%?77%.The effect of PBC treatment was lower than that of PM and MOF treatment 28%?36%.In addition,compared with the control treatment,application of organic manure could significantly increase soil microbial biomass carbon content in the range of 25%?100%.And the PM treatment is significantly higher than the MOF and the PBC treatment,there is no difference between the latter two.But for pig manure application could significantly reduce the microbial quotient,in the range of 25%-61%.And PBC treatment was lower than that of PM and MOF treatment 21%?36%.(2)Compared with the control,organic manure application can significantly improve the yield of cabbage,increase in the range of 63%?103%.The effect of PBC treatment was higher than that of PM and MOF treatment 21%?40%.Pig manure organic materials can significantly improve the root weight,root surface area and root volume growth,respectively 175%?249%,52%?88%,84%?142%.And PBC treatment is higher than PM and MOF treatment 71%?74%,33%-36%,47%?58%,and then there is no difference between the two.Compared to the control without amendment(CK),the amendment treatment increased the aboveground and belowground biomass weight of cabbage respectively by 77%?188%and by 109%?263%.The effect of PBC treatment was higher than that of PM and MOF treatment respectively by around 30%and 75%.While the effect on the belowground biomass production was much higher than aboveground biomass.(3)The influence of these amendment treatments was seen different between the treatments and the quality parameters of cabbage.PM and MOF treatment had little effect on most of the quality indexes.However,PBC treatment significantly increased the content of VC,soluble sugar and soluble protein and other nutrients than PM and MOF(range in 20%?70%),and significantly reduced the nitrate content(<60 mg·kg-1)of cabbage.Specifically,vitamin C content ranged in 292?388 mg·kg-1,and PBC treatment significantly increased 33%compared with the control,but the PM and MOF treatments were not significant.Changes in soluble protein is also the case,only to increase the amplitude of 19%.However,while the nitrate content of vegetables under PM and MOF treatments did not change,but PBC treatment significantly reduced the 47%.In particular,soluble sugar content in PBC treatment was the highest(up to 43%),but there was no difference between MOF treatment and control,while PM treatment significantly reduced the content of soluble sugar.Therefore,despite no changes in biomass variation amplitude,but different treatment of pig manure as an organic fertilizer on vegetables quality influence is very complex.The influence of the pig manure and pig manure organic fertilizer on the quality index is not significant.(4)The application of pig manure can improve the phosphorus and potassium content and nutrient accumulation in Cabbage,as well as the partial productivity of fertilizer,but the effect of nitrogen content is not obvious.And the effect of PBC and MOF treatment on phosphorus and potassium content and nutrient accumulation was better than that of PM treatment.The effect of PBC treatment on the partial productivity of fertilizer was better than that of PM treatment.(5)The content of oxytetracycline in pig manure is(95.40 ?g·kg-1)higher than pig manure organic fertilizer(21.58 ?g·kg-1)and biochar(0.70 ?g·kg-1).The removal of oxytetracycline by carbonization of pig manure significantly better than manure organic fertilizer.Therefore,carbonization of pig manure into biochar not only help to remove antibiotics in manure but also greatly enhance vegetable production and quality improvement.It is thus recommended to promote livestock waste carbonization and use of manure biochar for safe treatment of pig waste and green production of vegetables. |
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