Pig Manure Composting Process And Plant Growth Promoting Effect Of Composting Products Combined With Trichoderma In The Field

With the intensive development and expansion of livestock and poultry industry,huge amount of manures have also been produced.On the other hand,the widespread over application of chemical fertilizer has also caused a series of problems,such as the soil crusting,soil acidification and the decline of organic matter in soil.The utilization of these wastes to develop organic fertilizer and scientific application of the organic products will enhance the crop yields and meanwhile protect the agricultural environment.This thesis includes following three parts:1)the addition proportions of pig manure,rice husk and mushroom,and the addition of composting microbes to motivate the high-efficiency and high-temperature composting were investigated and fertilization efficiency of the products were tested by using cucumber pot experiment;2)plant growth promotion effects of the organic fertilizer produced and the organic fertilizer plus Trichoderma NJAU4742(bio-organic fertilizer)were investigated via field experiments;and the microbial community responses to the organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer in the first n and second season field experiment were investigated.The main results are as follows:1.Pig manure as the raw material,rice husk and mushroom residue as the auxiliary materials,and composting microbes were mixted in total of 4 treatments Z1,Z2,Z3 amended with composting microbes,and Z4 with C/N of 10,25,25 and 35,respectively,to arrange a factory composting experiment.Results showed that the average temperature of the four treatments was Z3>Z2>Z4>Z1,the pH value of each treatment at the end of compost was 7.51,7.63,7.25 and 6.96,and the EC value was 1.31 mS�cm-1,1.64 mS�cm-1,1.66 mS�cm-1 and 1.54 mS�cm-1,respectively.The contents of NH4+-N was Z4>Z2>Z3>Z1,and of NO3--N was Z2>Z1>Z3>Z4,of which the C/N values decreased by 18.24%,47.56%,51.33%and 47.56%respectively,when compared to the beginning samples.At the end of the composting,the fertilizers from Z1,Z2,and Z3 contained total nutrients including nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(N,P2O5,and K2O)of 50.25,51.66,and 52.14 mg�kg-1,respectively,while the value in Z4 was lowest(48.43 mg�kg-1).The germination index of Z1,Z2 and Z3 piles showed that all of them were all decomposed.Pot experiments showed that in the first season,cucumber agronomic characters and biomass in Z3 were the best,followed by Z2 and CF.In the second season,the agronomic characters and biomass of Z2,Z3 and CF were better than other treatments and control.2.Field experiment included 7 treatments as follows:1)No fertilizer treatment(CK),2)Organic fertilizer treatment(OF),3)Sterilization organic fertilizer(SOF),4)bio-organic fertilizer treatment(BIO),5)Sterilization bio-organic fertilizer SBIO,6)sterilized bio-organic fertilizer inoculated with Trichoderma strain(SBIOT),and 7)chemical fertilizer treatment(CF).Results showed that in the first season,crop yield enhancement was observed in all treatments compared to CK,compared to OF,BIO increased the yield by 4.25%with the value of 4725.12 kg�hm-2,and compared to SBIOT,the OF increased the yield of 1992.03 kg�hm-2.For the second and third seasons,compared to OF,SBIOT,BIO,and CF increased the yields by 14043.21,9830.25,and 11882.72 kg�hm-2,respectively,in the second season,and by 1625.00 kg�hm-2,4935.19 kg�hm-2,and 6555.56 kg�hm-2,respectively,in the third season.For the fourth season,best yield was observed in BIO,followed by SBIOT,CF,OF,SOF,SBIO,and CK.Compared to OF,BIO,SBIOT,and CF increased the yields by 7222.22,3876.54,and 3641.98 kg�hm-2.Compared to CF,the contents of vitamin C,protein and soluble sugar were increased after bio-organic fertilizer application,while the nitrate content decreased in BIO.After two seasons,application of fertilizer improved the content of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil,with the significant improvement in BIO and SBIOT.The contents of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen were also improved in BIO and SBIOT in the soil,while application of chemical fertilizer improved ammonium nitrogen content but decreased the nitrate content.Pot experiments showed that the BIO,SBIOT and OF revealed better growth promotion effect that SOF and SBIO.SBIOT showed the best effect in the first and second seasons and BIO was the best in the third season.3.The results of MiSeq sequencing of bulk and rhizosphere soil samples treated with organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer in the first and second season field experiments were investigated.During the application of bio-organic fertilizer for two seasons,the difference of rhizosphere microflora was enhanced Trichoderma NJAU4742 played the increasing role for the variation contributing to the bacterial and fungal structure.In the genus level,for bacteria,the application of bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the bacterial relative abundance of Lysobacter in rhizosphere soil at first season,Subdivision in bulk soil at first season and Minicystis in bulk soil at second season.For fungal,the application of bio-organic fertilizer significantly decreased Mortierella in bulk soil at first season,Microascales unidentified in bulk soil at second season.However,Olpidium in rhizosphere soil at second season and Stilbella in bulk soil at second season hassignificantly increased.The Pearson's correlation relationships between yields and soil microorganism results indicated that Pirellula,Pseudomonas,Stenotrophomonas and Pseudoxanthomonas in rhizosphere soil and Trichoderma in bulk soil was significantly correlated with yields.In conclusion,initial C/N of 25 inoculated with composting microbes induced high-efficient composting and produced highest quality organic fertilizer.Application of bio-organic fertilizer improved the yield and quality of cabbing and Chinese cabbage,and altered the soil microflora.