Study On The Physiological And Ecological Characteristics And Qualityof Wild Akebia Trifoliate(Thunb.) Koidz

Akebia trifoliate(Thunb.)Koidz is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine.At present,the life history,pharmacodynamics,grow seedling and chemical composition of Akebia trifoliate have a large number of reports。But physiological and ecological stuty of wild Akebia and artificial cultivation is still not perfect,the Guizhou Huaxi wild Akebia trifoliate(Thunb.)Koidz as materials to study the pollen viability and stigma physiological characteristics,photosynthesis,the content of mineral element and so on.Then explored the wild Akebia medicinal and edible value.The main results show that:1.Phenological period The early flowering period in mid March,early April for mid April to early May for flowering;fruit period,mid May to mid August to mid September for the fruit enlargement period,fruit maturation period.2.Pollen Viability and Stigma ReceptivityThe pollen viability of Akebia trifoliate(Thunb.)Koidz deceased during time of pollen shedding.Their highest pollen viability was the first day after blooming at91.96 percent.It was down to 62.99 percent in 3 days after and 11.72 percent in 4days after.Their pollen can maintain 3 or 4 days life.The stigmas of Akebia trifoliate(Thunb.)Koidz had weak receptivity when blooming and no mucus secretion.The receptivity was increase in 2 or 3 days after blooming with mucus secretion increased.The highest stigma receptivity was in 3 or 5 days.There is overlap time of the pollen viability and stigma receptivity,the production of artificial pollination work should be completed within 3 to 4 days.3.Fruit growth and developmentthe fresh weight growth of the Akebia trifoliate(Thunb.)Koidz period with timeshowed ‘S’ increased.30~90 days after flowering,the fresh weight increased rapidly and it is the rapid fruit growth stage.90~120 days after flowering,the fresh weight increased slowly;120~135 days after flowering,the fresh weight increased rapidly,135~150 days after flowering fruit fresh weight decreased slightly.The fruit volume increased with time in the growth period,and the growth rate was stable.4.Accumulation of mineral elements in fruitsThe N,P,K,Ca,Mg and other major element in pulp has a low content and a high content of pericarp in June to August;And the major elements in pulp content in pericarp was slightly increased in August to September.In the process of accumulation of mineral nutrients,there was a competitive relationship between pericarp and pulp.The accumulation of mineral elements in the pericarp was greater than that of pulp in the early growth stage..5.Photosynthetic characteristicsThe photosynthetic rate of Akebia trifoliate(Thunb.)Koidz in the daily variation is a bimodal curve.which increased with the solar radiation increased in the morning,around 10 am reached the highest.Then the photosynthetic rate decreased sharply to the lowest value at 13 am(midday depression of photosynthesis).at the time,the respiration has been greater than the photosynthesis.After 13,the photosynthetic rate increased gradually,and there was a second highest point at the beginning of 15,but the peak value was lower than the first peak,and the duration was short,then continued to decline to a negative value of 17.The light saturation point of Akebia trifoliate(Thunb.)Koidz is1486.8μmol.m-2.s-1,the maximum net photosynthetic rate of 14.53μmol.m-2.s-1.The light compensation point of Akebia trifoliate(Thunb.)Koidz was 42μmol.m-2.s-1,which was relatively high,and the utilization efficiency of weak light was relatively low.The apparent quantum efficiency of Akebia trifoliata(AQY)value is 0.081,relatively high,indicating Guizhou wild Akebia to low light utilization ability,is relatively shade tolerant species.6.The quality of wild AkebiaAs the fruit: Guizhou District of Huaxi wild Akebia fruit average length was80.18 mm,the average diameter was 39.81 mm,the average fruit weight is 68.93 g,the fruit shape index of about 2.12.The total sugar content in the pulp of Akebia trifoliate was 21.2%,reducing sugar content is 6.2%;the content of starch was42.16%,titratable acid content was 0.33%,crude protein content was 7.19%.The contents of Zn,Cu,Mn and B of the essential and necessary trace elements of human body were about 121.57 mg.kg-1,18.30 mg.kg-1,29.30 mg.kg-1,11.13 mg.kg-1.As a medicine: predict the content of a-in the pericarp of sub hederin increased in 6~8 at the beginning of the month,at the beginning of August reached the highest value of 19.88 mg/g,and then decreased in mid August reached a minimum value of4.40 mg/g.The study found that Guizhou wild Akebia fruit also contains calceolarioside B.In the pericarp of calceolarioside B increased in 7 ~8 months,reached the highest value of 6.63mg/g in early August,mid August reached a minimum value of 1.38 mg/g.In the flesh of calceolarioside B rise in the 6 month ~7content,in July reached the maximum value of 6.97 mg/g;7 ~8 content decreased in mid August,reached the lowest value of 0.64 mg/g.Among them,the average content of peel was 0.423%,the average content of flesh was about 0.341%,and the content of pericarp was higher than that of flesh.