| This study based on the abundant yield and crop straw resources of main crops in Heilongjiang land reclamation area.At this stage there is no specific or systematic analysis data of main crops straw resources in Heilongjiang land reclamation area.The analysis based on the present situation which had a widespread pollution caused by straw burning in Heilongjiang land reclamation area,and caused a large number of wasted straw resources.Through the analysis of calculation and utilization of main crops straw resources in Heilongjiang land reclamation area,and gradually conform the main factors affecting main crops straw resources in Heilongjiang land reclamation area.Under the new situation in agriculture,analyse the year trends of soybean,wheat,corn,rice according to the nation's policy guidance in Heilongjiang land reclamation area,to explore the effective development and utilization of main crops straw resources in Heilongjiang land reclamation area.Heilongjiang land reclamation area has good produce foundation condition.It is abundant of straw and stalk resource output capacity was in 20 million tons level.The development situation is as follows:in recent years,with the continuous improvement of grain production,the main crops straw production was steadily increasing.The biggest contribution for the food production is rice and maize,planting area after a rapid rise after the current stage is relatively stable and will be quite in a long time;the main crop yield per unit area continuously rising,and agricultural machinery total power rose continuously.Agricultural employee's number decreased gradually.After a fast rising development stage of fertilizer quantity,as people less pursuit of food production enthusiasm and increase of the demand for food safety,the increase fertilizer levels and continuous progress of science and technology,fertilizer quantity will present downward trend which was expected to reduce to 1 million tones level and even lower.As supply-side structural reform,the adjusting agricultural planting structure,corn planting area was reduced and soybean area was expanded,thus will lead to the decrease of crops straw and straw structure change between the phase of adjustment.Natural disasters hit area of crops were volatile in different years and it had a certainly randomness.But as the Heilongjiang land reclamation area improved the disaster mitigation capacity,the total changing trend of covered disaster areas were decreasing.Main crop straw and stalk production is closely related to crop production in Heilongjiang land reclamation area.Since the reform and opening up the rapid growth of crop production and straw production,and they showed the remarkable relativity.With this clarification the analysis of the change and influence factors of crop production is crucial importance.Since 1978,the crop production rose steadily in Heilongjiang land reclamation area,especially after 2004.Grain planting area expanded unceasingly,total grain output increased,grain yield per unit area and each main crops yield per unit rose steadily.Supply of fertilizers and other consumption asset input shows the trend to increase.The effective irrigation area was expanding,the controllability and resistance to natural disasters were increasing,the agricultural employee's number fluctuated in a definitive range.Agricultural machinery gross power and agricultural mechanization degree continuously rose.Reduced grain yield from agricultural natural disaster fluctuated in wide range in different years.However,in general,the total tends were to descend.With the steady rose of food production,main crop straw in Heilongjiang land reclamation area also render the same volatility increase.In 1995,the straw amount reached 5 million tons for the first time,in 2006 exceeded 10 million tons,in 2011 exceeded 20 million tons,and so far to ensure that the main crop straw resources in the 20 million tons level.The main crop straw in 2015 was 21.761 million tons,of which 11.882 million tons of rice straw,16,000 tons of wheat straw,8.599 million tons of corn stalks and 1.26 million tons of soybean straw.Spatial distribution of main crop straw and stalk in Heilongjiang land reclamation area was high in eastern China and low in western.During 2003 to 2015,annual average main crop straw resources in the East Branch Bureaus of Bour reached 12.9 million tons,accounting for 75.8%of the total resource of all Heilongjiang land reclamation area.The resources of main crop straw in the West Branch Bureaus of Five were 4.1 million tons,accounting for 24.2%of the total resource of all Heilongjiang land reclamation area.The ratio of the east and west roughly was 3:1.Annual average straw resources in each east four bureaus were more than 2 million tons,resources of Beian Branch Bureau come to the level of 2 million tonS in 2009.Resource of main crop straw per capita availability in Jiansanjiang Branch Bureau was the top of Heilongjiang land reclamation area reached 25 tons,Harbin Branch Bureau was the least as 4.44 tons,extreme difference on both ends about 5.64 times.This illustrates showed that the resource of main crops straw per capita availability difference was significant in Branch Bureaus in Heilongjiang Land-Reclamation Area.During 1978 to 2016,nine factors contributing to the index system was established in Heilongjiang land reclamation area,such as the main crops planting area,agricultural employee's number,fertilizer inputs,total power of agricultural machinery,the four main crops planting proportion,agricultural disaster area.Analyses the resource of main crop straw in Heilongjiang land reclamation area influencing factors by factor analysis,each factor exist significant difference.Positive factors of main crops straw resources contribution order to increase production was as follows:the main crops planting area>rice planting area ratio>corn planting area ratio>total power of agricultural machinery>fertilizer inputs>soybean acreage proportion>wheat planting area ratio.The negative impact of the agricultural disaster was greater than that of the agricultural employee's number.Total output prediction results of main crop straw and stalk in Heilongjiang Land-reclamation Area shows that:In close to a phase planting area there will be no obvious change,proposed in the study on the choice in the current period,the average level;the agricultural workforce will be further reduced;total power of agricultural machinery with the development of science and technology as well as further development of agricultural aviation will continue to maintain steady growth;planting structure adjustment during the period of "the 13th Five-Year Plan" will play a great influence on production of straw resources.Combined with China's policy and the practical considerations of Heilongjiang Land-reclamation Area,Corn and soybean acreage and great changes have taken place will gradually stabilized.As the planting structure adjustment and the continuous development of the improvement of utilization rate of fertilizer and fertilizer technology,applying fertilizer content will be further reduced.The resource of main crop straw and stalk in Heilongjiang Land-reclamation Area will be under the joint action of various influencing factors of stability in 20 million ton level,in the short term is on the decline,and after a period of adjustment and stability will be recovered. |
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