| The purpose of this study was to explore the adaptability evaluation of corn grain mechanized harvest,analyze the quality of corn grain harvesting in cold area,and establish the key factors that affect the direct harvest of corn grain,screening the suitable varieties for harvesting and the best planting mode suitable for harvesting.The experiment is divided into two parts.In the first part,30 Maize Varieties in this area are used as materials for maize direct harvest test.The relationship between grain water content and crushing rate,impurity rate,falling ear loss,falling grain loss and yield loss rate were analyzed.The effect of grain water content,third lodging resistance characteristics,yield components,ear characters and grain properties on the harvest quality index of corn grain machine was compared and the cluster analysis method was used to test the parameters of the grain.The varieties were classified by adaptive screening.The second part is the experimental material first selected from the early selection of the selected varieties,first jade 696,which are LZ-DJDZ,PZ-DJDZ,two specific space(LZ-EBK),two specific space(PZ-KZH),flat row(PZ-KZH),LZ-KZH,and dense sparse density(LZ-KZH).PZ-MSSM)and the influence of 8 different planting methods on grain yield,grain filling process,population photosynthetic characteristics,soil physical properties and yield of maize,and the correlation analysis of the correlation between the indexes and the water content of the harvested grain.In order to explore the most suitable planting mode of corn in Heilongjiang cold area,it provides theoretical and technical support for the popularization and popularization of the corn grain mechanized harvesting technology and the improvement of the single yield level in this region.The results of the study are as follows:1.the average crushing rate is 5.24%,the impurity rate is 0.96%,and the yield loss rate is5.20%,of which the average loss is 4.39% and the average loss is 0.47%.The high rate of breakage and high yield loss is the main problem of grain direct harvest.The average value of the grain moisture of the harvested grain was 26.88%.There was a significant positive correlation between moisture content and broken rate.The fragmentation rate(y)and grain moisture content(x)conformed to y=0.2688x-1.9794 equation(R2=0.4395**,n=90).In this case,the maize harvested in cold area should have the characteristics of low grain moisture,fastdehydration and grain filling speed,low plant height,smaller angle of ear position,smaller ear diameter,smaller grain volume,larger grain floating rate,and low moisture content in the bud and leaf and other organs.It provides an important reference for the selection and breeding of new maize varieties suitable for grain mechanical direct harvest and the popularization of mechanical grain harvest in the northeast cold region.2.30 varieties of maize varieties were divided into 3 categories according to the suitability of the harvest.The most suitable varieties for harvesting were Da min 3307 and JINGWAH 8,and 3 varieties were suitable for harvesting the first jade 027,and the selected varieties were 12 varieties of first jade 696 and so on.3.different planting methods had obvious effects on dehydration and grain filling of maize,and ridge tillage two was better than other treatments in reducing grain moisture content.The variation of water content in the upper and lower parts of the different planting methods was greater,the main source of water difference in grain and the upper grain and the lower grain,and the difference of grain weight in the whole grain filling period was significant,which was shown as the lower part > the middle > upper part.The grain filling rate parameters and the starting potential of the dynamic equation of logistic simulation grouting with two specific ridging are significantly higher than those of other treatments.In order to reduce the grain moisture content of the maize harvest,it can be realized by increasing the filling rate of the gradual increasing period,prolonging the duration of the filling period and increasing the maximum grouting speed and the average grouting progress.4.according to the photosynthetic characteristics of maize plants,the ridge planting two was significantly higher than that of empty leaf area index,population photosynthetic potential,Jing Guanghe rate and chlorophyll content.It maintained high photosynthetic characteristic parameters at the end of grain filling and reduced the rate of leaf senescence,which was beneficial to improving the utilization rate of light energy during the whole growth period and effectively increasing the harvest and abundance of corn.Productivity.Ridge tillage can reduce soil bulk density,maintain soil water content and increase soil porosity of 0 ~ 10 cm and 10 ~20cm soil layers by two to 10 cm.Each index and seed moisture content are interrelated.By adjusting the related index of grain moisture content,grain moisture can be reduced to promotethe adaptability of maize grain mechanical harvest.5.The yield of maize increased significantly by ridge tillage compared to two empty space,which was 4.3% higher than that of the control ridge.The yield advantage was significantly improved by 100 grain weight,row number and grain number per row. |
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