Analysis Of Fertilization Status And Optimum Parameters Of Cultivated Land In Shandong Province

Entering the 21st century,the contradiction of population,resources and environment is becoming more and more prominent.And Chinese agriculture is facing a serious challenge in many aspects.Shandong Province is a typical intensive agricultural area of high investment and high output in northern China.The research and analysis of fertilization status in this Province can be used as reference for the management of crop fertilization in the whole country.Based on the data of statistical yearbook,the second national soil survey data and statistics of Soil Testing Formula Applying Fertilizer Project in Shandong Province.Through ArcGIS interpolation analysis and MATLAB establishment of fertilization model,the present situation and characteristics of cultivated land fertilization are found out,and the parameters of crop fertilization are clearly defined to provide scientific basis for the decision and management of fertilization in the whole province.The research results in the following main results:（1）Regardless of the physical volume or pure volume,the consumption structure of fertilizer is mainly composed of nitrogen and compound fertilizer,and the proportion of compound fertilizer is higher and higher.The structure of fertilizer consumption is developing well.Since 2007,the consumption of fertilizer in our province has been gradually reduced,but grain output is still growing steadily.It can be seen that the utilization rate of fertilizer has increased evidently during this period.（2）The areas with high TN content in cultivated soil in Shandong Province are mainly located in the middle and south of Shandong,located in the outer edge of the central hilly region,and the distribution of TN in other areas is moderate.The AP content in most areas is in the middle and below level.The areas with high AP content remained basically the same as those with higher TN content.The areas with high AK content are mainly distributed in the Yellow River flood plain area,and the AK content is relatively low in the eastern and southern Shandong province.The content of AK decreased gradually from north to south and from west to east.（3）Fertilization in cultivated land Shandong Province is high in plain areas,low in hilly areas,high in the western region and low in the eastern region.The amount of fertilizer applied to cultivated land is relatively low in eastern and southern of Shandong province,and theamountoffertilizerappliedtocultivatedlandisrelativelyhighin the central part of Shandong Province,central and southern Shandong Province and northwest region of Shandong Province.The five main soil types are from high to low in fluvo-aquic soil>lime concretion black soil>brown earth>cinnamon soil>saline-alkali soil.The order of nitrogen fertilizer application from high to low is the paddy field>irrigated land>dry land.The order of phosphorus fertilizer application from high to low is irrigation land>dry land>paddy field.The order of available kalium fertilizer application from high to low is dry land>paddy field>irrigation land.（4）The fertilizer consumption coefficient of wheat and corn increased first and then decreased in 2010-2015 years,and the fertilizer consumption coefficient of wheat decreased by 5.71%compared with 2010.The fertilizer consumption coefficient of corn decreased by7.14%compared with 2010.The average application amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and kalium fertilizer in wheat is higher than the national average level.And there is an obvious shortage of kalium fertilizer in corn fertilization.The proportion of multi-element fertilizer in wheat basal and topdressing increased,the proportion of topdressing fertilizer increased significantly,and the proportion of multi-element fertilizer increased in corn fertilization.The total amount of fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer decreased from west to east,and the kalium fertilizer was the opposite.The input of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer was the highest in the fluvo-aquic soil area,the lowest in the saline-alkali soil,the input of kalium fertilizer was the highest in the brown earth,and the lowest in the fluvo-aquic soil area.The total amount of fertilized corn,nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer decreased from west to east,and the kalium fertilizer was the opposite.The input of nitrogen fertilizer was the highest in the cinnamon soil,the lowest in saline-alkali soil.The input of phosphate fertilizer was highest in cinnamon soil and lowest in fluvo-aquic soil.Kalium fertilizer input was highest in brown earth and lowest in fluvo-aquic soil area.The wheat and corn in Shandong Province were mainly characterized by high yield area-high soil nutrient content-high fertilizer input,low yield area-low soil nutrient content-low fertilizer input.（5）With the target of yield,the optimal fertilization application of nitrogen,phosphorus and kalium for winter wheat was respectively 182.02,82.58 and 83.22 kg·hm^-22 in Shandong Province,the fertilization ratio is 1:0.45:0.46.By contrast,the nitrogen and phosphorus were overstepped 25.60 kg·hm^-22 and 37.77 kg·hm^-2,respectively.And kalium was short of 3.84kg·hm^-2.With the target of yield,the optimal fertilization application of nitrogen,phosphorus and kalium for corn was respectively 163.56,76.15 and 108.03 kg·hm^-22 in Shandong Province,the fertilization ratio is 1:0.47:0.66.By contrast,the nitrogen and phosphorus were overstepped 39.64 kg·hm^-22 and 17.51 kg·hm^-2,and kalium was short of 36.70 kg·hm^-2.