| Precision sowing is an important means to achieve reasonable close planting and yield increase,and the selection of fine seeding and control methods will directly affect the quality of sowing operations,the emergence rate of crops,and the final food yield.Domestic planters commonly have issues such as low intelligence and loss of sowing or uneven seeding caused by wheels driven by skid chain.This study takes the intelligent control of wheat finesse as the research goal,deeply studies the operational mechanism and mechanical structure of the key components of the existing wheat precision seeder in our country,and establishes a model of the whole wheat intelligent finesse control system.The research focuses are mainly reflected in the following aspects:(1)Broad cloth type and master drive mode selection.This study selected a wide wheat distribution method and a DC motor driven finesse model.The selected seeding method is wide groove uniform distribution of the groove wheel type,the driving method is DC motor driven seed fertilization,to avoid the phenomenon of missed sowing and uneven sowing due to ground wheel driving slippage.(2)Main control system design.The STM32 single-chip microcomputer was used to measure,calculate and correct the speed of the tractor's running speed and the rotation speed of the fertilizing shaft.A set of wheat precision control system mathematics was established between the speed of the implement,the amount of wheat sown,and the amount of fertilizer applied.The model adopts PID control algorithm to adjust the rotation speed of the seed fertilizer shaft in real time to ensure that no matter the speed of the tractor,the tractor spacing can reach a constant plant spacing,stable fertilization and uniform seed distribution in the wheat no-tillage sowing operation.(3)Monitoring system design.The single-chip microcomputer is used as the monitoring chip,and the information of seed fertilizer flow and seed fertilizer shaft rotation are obtained through the reflective photoelectric sensor and the encoder respectively,and the operation status of the precision seeder is judged,and the working condition information is transmitted to the touch-screen human-computer interaction interface to realize the dual precision seeding.Real-time monitoring of the machine sowing operation process.(4)Man-machine conversation interface design.The TPC7062 TX touch screen is used as the man-machine dialogue window.The driver inputs information such as seeding amount,grain weight and fertilizer amount into the touch screen.The relevant information is transmitted to the main control system through the communication protocol.The man-machine conversation window can not only be used as a data display to broadcast the working parameters such as the forward speed and work area of the implement in real time,but also to display and alarm the operational malfunctions so that the driver can observe the seeding condition and adjust the operating parameters as needed.Prototype test results show that during the operation process,the driver can set and modify the operating parameters through the touch screen,which is flexible and convenient.The main control system can achieve precise control of the rotation speed of the seed fertilization shaft in the seeding process.Monitoring system prototype test results show that the accuracy of fault alarm at least 92.5%,the response time of lacking seeds and fertilization,blockage and leakage response time are less than or equal to 0.2 s,0.3 s and 0.3 s.Therefore,the research results are expected to provide relevant theoretical basis and technical support for the development of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment with independent intellectual property rights in the future. |
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