Father Parenting, Children's Temperament And Ahe Ability Of Delay Of Gratification

Delay of gratification refers to a kind of the more valuable long-term result and takes the initiative to give up in time to meet the choice of orientation as well as shows in the process of waiting for the ability of self-control. It is a sign of mental maturity and the core element of the selfcontrol. Research has shown that the age of 3to 5 is an important period of development of children's ability to delay gratification,for children to complete various of tasks, coordinate interpersonal relationship,successfully adapt to the society in the future play an important role that can not be ignored.(Tangney,Baumeister,&Boone,2004).The ability of delay of gratification is a basic positive personality variable of children's self-development and self-realization.In the past on the influence factor of the studies of delay of gratification mostly focus on the main effect of temperament and parenting. Developmental Contextualism proposes that individual development is the result of continuous interaction between the developing individual with the situation(Lerner/Wen Xin Zhang,2011).There is no doubt that the theory points out a new idea that temperament and parenting affect individual development, that is, to pay attention to the interaction between parenting and temperament.Therefore, this study based on the predecessors' research, investigating 72 children from two kindergartens in XUCHANG city to reveal the relationship of parenting, temperament, and the delay of gratification. The data of parenting and children's temperament was collected by using questionnaire survey, and the data of children's delay of gratification was collected by using experimental observation.Univariate and regression were conducted to analysis the characteristics of parenting and children's temperament and their effect on children's ability of delay of gratification, consisting of additive effect and interactive effect. The main findings of the study were as follows:1. For younger children, the positive parenting style was the fathers most favorable to adopt, fathers usually most involved in the daily care, others according to the order were respectively support and plan, encourage and praise, discipline and constraint.2. On fathers' negative parenting style dimension, the gender main effect wassignificant, fathers adopting negative parenting style for boys were significantly higher than girls. In addition, there was no different of the gender and garden on the other dimensions of parenting, the interaction of gender and garden is not significant.The grade main effect of encourage and praise, daily care were significantly, there was no different of the gender and garden on the other dimensions of parenting, the interaction of gender and garden is not significant.3. These findings suggested an additive effect of parenting and temperament on children's delay of gratification. Fathers' positive parenting style positively predicted children's delay of gratification, daily care and discipline constraint positively predicted the delay of gratification. The surgency negatively predicted the delay of gratification, and the effortful control positively predicted children's delay of gratification.4. The interactive effect of temperament and parenting on children's delay of gratification was significant. Interactive effect of negative affect and positive parenting was in line with enhanced risk model. Negative emotions can significantly negative predict low acceptance of caring of delay of gratification, negative emotions can't significantly predict low level of acceptance of caring of delay of gratification.Based on previous theories and the existing research findings, for the relationship of father parenting, children's temperament and delay of gratification, the main conclusions of this study were as follows:1. Father parenting had direct prediction for children's ability of delay of gratification. Father's positive parenting style and discipline and constraint. can positively predict children's delay of gratification.2. Children's temperament had direct prediction for children's ability of delay of gratification. The surgency negatively predicted the delay of gratification, and the effortful control positively predicted children's delay of gratification.3. The interactive effect of temperament and parenting on children's delay of gratification was significant. Interactive effect of surgency and daily care affect children's delay of gratification was in line with enhanced risk model. The interaction of positive parenting style, daily care, discipline and constraint and negative emotions didn't conform any models.