A Comprehensive Study Of Xiao Zhu’s Cemetery

Xiao Zhu State, a small state exists from the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the late Warring States period lied in the Zou Lu area, is less researched by previous scholars restricted by archaeology and document literature. In 2002, the discovery and archaeological excavations of Xiao Zhu ’s royalty cemetery during early Spring and Autumn period in Dongjiang village, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province make a big differenceon its history and culture study. Although the graveyard has been experienced local farmers soil taking s and illegal excavation, there still remains excavated in a large number of precious cultural relics, including 24 pieces of bronze ritual vessels with inscriptions, which greatly make up its historical records blank.This paper discusses Xiao Zhu State’s etiquette system, linked ancient states races and its history reform and other problems based on the archaeological excavations unearthed burial materials, inscriptions also combined with the literature.And main points are as follows:Firstly, this paper study Xiao Zhu State’s etiquette systemthrough the cemetery burial material and unearthed inscriptions of Xiao Zhu State’s cemetery. In funeral system, it’s burial system with its characteristics which quite different from Ji Zhou, Dongyi, JingChu tombs’, there may be two reasons,on the one hand, Xiao Zhu Guo lied to the intersection place of Dongyi and HuaXia, JingChu and the Central Plains, which leads to the mix of its funeral system. On the other hand, the book “the three rituals”was publiced late, it is possible that the funeral system is not in conformity with all kingdoms of Spring and Autumn period. In concubine marriage etiquette, it’s known that there are three kinds of production pattern of bronze dowry ware according to the study of the inscription on the bronze dowry ware excavated, namely father make for daughter, the husband make for the wife and the female make for themselves. It’s different from each other on the appellation of women in these three different ways of making the dowry. Through the investigation of female appellation, it’s known that different generation marriage system at that time has been disappeared gradually which replaced by marriage between the same generation. Finally, the paper discusses the copies of life etiquette according to the study of the different appellations for Xiao Zhu emperor on the bronze inscriptions, finally found the real implication of the first generation King’s "name" and "character".Secondly, the pre-qin ancient races are closely linked to Xiao Zhu State through the textual research of the the bronze inscriptions that unearthed, handed downand disgorgemented. It’s concluded that "Ling Fu" may be a person’s name and then the name of a nation after the interpretation of different pieces of inscriptions and the nation has the traditional of worshiping thunder-and-light; Both “Zheng shu zhi shi” and “ Lu Zai” are prison officer, they may come from the same family, and make for the “An Mu” together; “Bi” in the inscription ascend the throne of Bi State and be a official of Zhu in the east. Kui Ling of Kun Jun Fu “ Kui Ling”pot ’inscription is not from Kun Wu State,but a little nation Gui Fang. She higher her status by the name of Kun Jun,enhance the relationship of Xiao Zhu.Bi, Zhu and Xiao Zhu are in very close relationship and they may form an alliance.Thirdly, the paper discusses the reform of Xiao Zhu State. Specifically, on one hand the King of Xiao Zhu State and its people are from different races, the King of Xiao Zhu State is the descendant of Li race but the people of Xiao Zhu is a branch of the Yan family. On the other hand, it’s inferred that Xiao Zhu State was granted Ni district during the late period of King Xuan of Zhou and was honoured viscount between Lu Zhuang Gong 15 years and Lu Xi Gong 7 years. Thirdly, it’s concluded that the King of Xiao Zhu in the Spring and Autumn period is Zhu You FU→Zhu Jun Qing→the husband of Kui Ling→Ni Lilai→?→?→Xiao Zhu Mu Gong→Xiao Zhu Gong Gong→Xiao Zhu Hui Gong→Ni Gong. Fourthly, the paper discusses the foreign relations.It summarized the way of survival of little nations during Spring and Autumn period, “Follow the hegemonic power, attachment neighbour country, joint small countries.”In addition, it infers the Xiao Zhu State’s ultimate demise date.