Research On The Zhili Quanye Dao From Late Qing Dynasty To Early People's Republic Of China

During the reign of Emperors Guangxu and Xuantong,political unrest and government spent massively.In order to meet the needs of the finance,the Qing government began to focus on the development of industry and commerce,and the every province set up bureaus of agriculture,industry,commerce and mining.The change of current political situation also contributed to the reform of bureaucratic system,such as the Qing government established the Ministry of Agriculture,Industry and Commerce as well as the Ministry of postal service and transmission at the central government.Besides,every province set up a business management system,thus the top-down vertical management system was established for achieving the effective management of local industry and transportation.As the capital field of Zhili,which had specific location and Zhili viceroy also occupied the top of all provinces,therefore,its status and influence were more better than others.To every reforms of the Qing government,Zhili district played a lead role.Zhili,liked other provinces,had set up various types of agro-industrial and commercial mined that lacks of unified management,however,as a result many drawbacks existed in the process of industrial development.For that reason,it was imperative for Zhili to set up Quanye Dao,though it was also one of the first batch of pilot provinces,for various causes,it was until 1910 that Quanye Dao was established finally.There were total three years since Quanye Dao was established in Zhili,and Sun Duosen,Su Pinren,Wang Jingfu,Dong Yuchun and Shi Lujin ever served in it.At the early stage,substantial achievements had been gained.Zhili Sun Duosen attached great importance to survey the practical situation and make some reasonable planning,so the related conflicts were resolved.Besides,he awarded and protected the development of every undertaking.What's more,he paid more attention to industrial education and the establishment of aquatic institute.After that,under the limits of political turmoil and budget shortfall and so on,few of achievement were gained,while the later Quanye Dao still carried out the reform of fishery taxation andothers that were effective.The bureaucratic system was unified in the Republic of China.Besides,agro-industrial and commercial mines were gradually managed by the Industrial Bureau,and traffic matters were managed by the Interior.In January 30,1913,the president appointed Shi Lujin to Zhili Industrial Division Secretary.Zhili Quanye Dao,this office had no longer existed,but it still left precious property to the development of Zhili economy.