Studies On The Prehistoric Society And Early Civilization Progress In Ancient Egypt Area

The introduction part of this article has mainly introduced the geographical range of the Nile Valley,terminology explain tons in relevant professions,some research achievements and works about the early civilization and social regime evolution of Ancient Egypt in domestic and foreign academic circles,and analyzed the deficiencies in academic circles and then pointed out the direction for future improvement.The second part has mainly sorted out the cultural context of the Upper and Lower Egypt in the Nile Valley.The third part has mainly elaborated the agriculture in embryo and the initiation of settlement in Ancient Egypt about 6400 to 7200 years before present,represented by Faiyum A Culture.In agriculture sector,the earliest agriculture occurred.Human beings started to grow wheat,and other crops,and rear cattle,sheep and other livestock in pens.Regarding the dwelling,human beings went through the transition from the temporary encampment near lakes to semi-inhabitation mode.The storehouse in the house has proved that human beings at that time have lived a resident life.In handicraft industry,human beings have learned how to make potteries but in rough surface and low degree of heating.The fourth part has mainly elaborated the appearance of human villages and settlement and the religious burgeon in Ancient Egypt around 5800 to 6400 years before present,represented by Badari Culture.In agriculture sector,relatively professional crop farming and animal husbandry were established.But fishing still took up a significant status.In handcraft sector,copper ware occurred.Pottery mainly includes two types: crude pottery and refined pottery.Also,potteries with ornamentation and patterns started to appear.Regarding the dwelling,human beings lived in circular houses.More than ten houses constituted into a community.Female statues unearthed showed that human beings then entered into pair-marriage society.According to statistical data,in the end of Badari Culture period,inequality began to occur in the society.In religion,funerary animal remains have been found in tombs,which is possible relevant with zootheism in Ancient Egypt.The fifth part has mainly elaborated the spreading of civilization elements and the formation of city-states in Ancient Egypt about 5500 to 5800 years before present,represented by Naqada Culture I.In agriculture sector,crops were in more abundant species,and cattle began to act as an important tool of agricultural production.In handicraft industry,handicraft has separated with agriculture.Handmade articles became more various and exquisite.Potteries were in various kinds including the precious variety,white-character cross-curve red pottery.In human residence,small hearth appeared in the house.The appearance of power mustache statue and other chief signs show that patriarchal family community has come into being.At that time,polarization of wealth aggravated and social classes started to take into shape.In religion,Bird God statue unearthed and the appearance of witchcraft indicate that religion has linked up with politics then and tribal chiefs started alliance with wizards.In external exchange,communication between the Upper and Lower Egypt became more frequent.The sixth part has mainly elaborated the generation and expansion of city-state cluster and hegemons in Ancient Egypt about 5200 to 5500 years before present,represented by Naqada Culture II.In agriculture sector,population growth has stimulated agricultural development and agriculture could support huge amount of urban population.In handicraft industry,bronze ware production was prevailing,processed goods including rings,bracelets,hand axes,blades,daggers,knives,stitches,and harpoon,were started to be produced to replace stoneware and tend to substitute stoneware.Pottery production has progressed to some degree in a wider variety.In human residence,rectangular houses started to show up,which were constructed by more advanced mud bricks designed with partitioned houses and basements.According to the house layout,we can estimate that Egypt then has entered into monogamy marriage society.In social politics,Nome and King's Tomb occurred.Nome is a form of early state distributed in Upper and Lower Egypt,22 in Upper Egypt and 20 in Lower Egypt.Each Nome beat on battles for resource and supremacy scrambling.Nomes in Upper Egypt strived for hegemony to the north by their preponderance.In the king's tombs of Nome ruler,contents reflected in wall paintings of the tombs show that class society has come into being then.Regarding the writing character,the earliest pictograph occurred which had a preliminary capability for information expression.In urban scale,the South City and North City of Naqada appeared with the power of defense.The seventh parts has mainly elaborated the appearance of Kingdom of Ancient Egypt and the Early Dynasty about 4650 to 5200 years before present,represented by Naqada Culture III including Dynasty Zero,The First Dynasty,and the Second Dynasty.Regarding the productivity,irrigation technology has been widely applied in agriculture and agriculture stepped into professionalization.The appearance of numerous grand tombs have accumulated experience for Pyramid construction.In religion,national unified god worship has formed.The deity system formed and construction of huge temples initiated.Kings cultivated popularity by taking use of religion to maintain governance.In politics,the Upper and Lower Egypt restored to unity with relevant perfect King system formed.Regarding the city,four city centers appeared,taking up a certain influence in politics,economy,religion and foreign trade domain.