Marx's Criticism Of Nihilism And Its Contemporary Values Based On St.Max

As a social and historical movement,nihilism has experienced a long history of evolution,from Europe to Russia,and from Japan to China.This process embodies the dialectical unity of cosmopolitan and nationality of nihilism.Marx's discussion on nihilism are focus on his criticism of Max Stirner.He refuted the Stirner's idea of nihilism bases on the position of historical materialism,and expounded the way to overcome the nihilism.That is,achieving the overthrow of nihilism by communist movement.Marx re-established the concept of "reality of the individual" by concerning the sense world.On the basis,he revealed the three nihilist qualities of Stirner's"Single Person",namely the essence of idealism,the pursuit of egoism,and the anarchist political demands.Marx's critique of Stirner's nihilism is,on the one hand,an active sublation of traditional metaphysics,on the other hand,is the initial elaboration of historical materialism.In the criticism,Marxist philosophy fully demonstrated the unity of metaphysical criticism,ideological criticism and capital criticism.In the traditional concept,Marxist philosophy has a tendency to anti-metaphysics.But in fact,Marxist philosophy is both realistic and metaphysical.In the fact,Marx's criticism of the extreme secularization in "Single Person" is a new development of metaphysical dimensions.Stirner's nihilism confuses the relationship between generality and particularity,and exaggerated the opposition between individual interests and collective interests.This situation is inherent similar to the nihilism dilemma of contemporary China.The morbidity of individual and collective relations in contemporary China is showing the homogenization of human and social atomization tendencies.Contemporary China is faced with the intricacies of nihilism,among them,cultural nihilism is the most profound and representative.And thus led to the value of nihilism,which is the source of chaos in contemporary Chinese spiritual world,lacking of faith and lacking of subjectivity.The criticism of Stirner's nihilism from Marx has an important contemporary Values.On the one hand,it contributed to the creation of historical materialism,and promoted the revolutionary transformation of Marxist philosophy,in particular,it played an important role in the development and innovation of historical materialism.On the other hand,it also provides useful thought resources for China's introspection of nihilism.Nihilism of contemporary Chinese is one of the symptoms of modernity,our criticism of it can not leave the criticism of modernity.To complete this series of criticism,we must adhere to and develop the Marxist theory of sinicization and the cause of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics,and constructing the discourse system of contemporary China.