Research On Marx's Critical Thought Of Stirner's Nihilism

In the context of modernity,there is a complex relationship between social progress and human development.On the one hand,the increasing social wealth has brought better material enjoyment to people's life;on the other hand,the process of secularization is speeding up,material desire impacts on human nature,utilitarianism is rampant,the strength of social connection is weakened,and lofty belief is belittled and ignored,which leads to the nihilism problem of opposing super perceptual value and abolishing its effectiveness.On the premise of the decline of traditional metaphysics and the prominence of man's instrumental rationality,how to overcome the nihilism caused by the arrogation of man's instrumental rationality has become a major issue concerning the fate of mankind.Marx had noticed this problem in the ideological confrontation with Stirner.In the German Ideology,Marx spent a lot of ink criticizing Stirner's nihilism through "the ego",but this part of content has not been fully valued and explored.The study of Marx's criticism of Stirner's nihilism in the chapter of St.Max will not only help to broaden the thinking of the text study of German Ideology,deeply understand the formation path of historical materialism,and highlight the vitality of Marxist philosophy,but also help to trigger the reflection of modern people's spiritual life,understand the nihilism phenomenon in the process of China's modernization and avoid it's negative impact.Starting from reading classic texts,on the basis of respecting texts,this paper systematically combs the formation process of "the ego" of Stirner from the macro and micro levels,and introduces the philosophy of "the ego".This paper discusses three causes of Marx's criticism of Stirner's nihilism,and reveals Marx's criticism of Stirner's nihilism from the perspectives of history,humanity and politics.First,Stirner divided the stage of a single person's life into three parts.Marx revealed that Stirner pursued the absurdity of the essence of things by the stage of children in life,and saw through the youth of Stirner in life Three tricks were used to criticize the fictionality of the adult body described by Stirner.According to this fictional biography of "human",Stirner further made up human history,describing the history of human development as ancient people,modern people and "I".Marx revealed that Stirner's deductive view of history is actually the idealistic view of history,the fundamental reason is that he did not see the material and social changes behind the concept.Second,Stirner's "the ego" believed in the value of egoism.He distinguished egoists by vulgarity,self-sacrifice and self-consistency,which correspond to the individual and human history respectively.By examining Stirner's egoists,Marx pointed out that there is a distinction between individual and universal interests in human society,but Stirner did not see the conditions of these two aspects-personal life experience,so as to reveal the highly abstract nature of egoists who come from me and deny that they are creators.Thirdly,Marx criticized that Stirer can not accurately grasp the relationship between law,state and private ownership,which is embodied in that Stirner abandoned the relationship between law and real people,reversed the relationship between state and law,and equated private property with state property.On the basis of insisting that the state is the source of suffering,Stirner advocated the elimination of the state and the establishment of an anarchic"egoistic alliance".Marx pointed out that "self-interest alliance" is a theoretical ion divorced from practical experience,which can not be the value purpose of modern people,thus deepening the value identity of communism.This paper analyzes the emergence and characteristics of nihilism in contemporary China,and points out that the predicament of nihilism in contemporary China is related to the high-speed operation and change of society and the invasion of Western capitalist ideology.Although the contemporary Chinese nihilism is not based on the western traditional metaphysics,it also shows the improper rejection of tradition,especially in the spiritual field,which has the factor of abstracting human nature.In the process of criticizing nihilism,Marx's critical methods,viewpoints and the way to overcome nihilism are still of great significance to China.