Study On Flood In The Lower Reaches Of The Yellow River In Qing Dynasty

After thousands of years of natural environment and human factors,the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River flood in the Qing Dynasty,the Yellow River often overflow.The Yellow River has a very unique characteristics in the downstream region,coupled with the impact of water transport,the Yellow River has gradually become a harm and less profit than the river.The main form of flood in the Yellow River is flooding and flooding,in addition,the population of the lower reaches of the Yellow River is more densely populated,so the natural environment,the Yellow River floods will inevitably lead to serious trauma in the downstream areas.This article from the regional economic and social history perspective,analysis of the Yellow River in Qing Dynasty flood in the downstream region of the Yellow River after the flood of quantitative and temporal and spatial distribution of the agricultural production and people's life,the Yellow River river embankment and the influence of Qing Dynasty in the Yellow River after the disaster,conscripted government and people to cope with such problems,and from the dynamic and interactive relationship between the the Yellow River floods after the government,civil forces to reflect the response of the Qing government state control problem.Through a comprehensive study of the Qing Dynasty before the flood in the lower reaches of the Yellow River River in the Yellow River flood situation,distribution and flood characteristics were summed up,introduced the catastrophic flood situation,and analyzes the causes and characteristics of disaster.It is thought that the flood of the Yellow River in Qing Dynasty has the characteristic of stage,the Henan and Jiangsu in the middle of the earlier period are seriously damaged,and the latter is heavier in Shandong,because of the diversion of the Yellow River,Zhili has been affected by floods in the Yellow River.The disaster is the main reason of the Yellow River special natural and geographical environment,and levee vulnerability,the Yellow River once diffuse dike burst,it will cause very serious flood.Then,it discusses the influence of the flood in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in the Qing Dynasty on agricultural production and people's life.The Yellow River flood on Grain Yield and the yield reduction caused very serious.In the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River River,the sediment concentration is very high.After the flood of the Yellow River,the farmland turns into sand,and many ofthe land desertification and salinization are very serious.Similarly,it has a great impact on the agricultural planting structure.In this chapter,we also discuss the problems of land ownership after the disaster in the Yellow River,taking the example of the lake group in Tongzhi period.The Yellow River burst first pose a threat to public safety,the Yellow River dike,the death population very public,the river was flooded,farmland cottages,shift the Quartet,who survived the victims to seek way out is the only stream of people are in dire straits,price tenggui.Also resulted in the intensification of social conflict,grab grain,anti taxes,looted activities such as social crisis intensifies,emerge in an endless stream,the normal social order impact,thereby affecting the normal operation of the social mechanism.The flood in the Yellow River also has a great influence on the beliefs of the officials and the people.It discusses the related problems of the Yellow River river embankment and husband service.The Qing Dynasty of the Yellow River dike construction mainly is a continuation of the governance strategy of the Ming Dynasty,in the river on the basis of must take into account transport goods to the north,because of the the Yellow River river long accumulated,resulting in the Yellow River dike repair only passive dam construction,nothing else,so the Yellow River is the most important river embankment along the security area is also the only barrier of Qing Dynasty the government attaches great importance to the dam construction,with classification and strict standards,even in the form of law to limit the service life of levee.River man service also has its characteristics in the lower reaches of the Yellow River area in Qing dynasty.Finally,the paper discusses the problems of the government and the civil society after the flood.In after the flood,the government at all levels actively,Pingdi,relief,deferred loans,relief refugees and other relief measures,as well as warehouse reserve shortage of Building Water Conservancy Measures for disaster prevention and mitigation,and the relief effect are analyzed.In a considerable period of time,the government's relief is effective,ease the disaster,save the people,stable social order.However,there are reports of disaster is not true,the situation of poor disaster.In response to the folk,in different periods of the Qing Dynasty folk to play different roles,mainly is the establishment of charity,advised,for relief and so on.The interaction between the government and the people in the post disaster response in different regions of the different periods of time.From the perspective of the Yellow River flood response,this paper reflects on the problems ofstate control of Qing government.Overall,the state control force,the dam construction and other aspects of effective,official is clear,even if the flood disaster can be more effective in disaster prevention and rehabilitation;on the other hand,weakening of state control force,whether in relief,dam construction,warehouse construction,all are unable with the peak period compared.Similarly,it also reflects the contrast between national and civil power.