The Perspective Stalin Model: A Philosophical Reflection On The Rise And Fall Of The Soviet Union

The World Socialist Movement experienced a historical process of ups and downs and tortuous development in the 20 th century.Both victory and setbacks in this historical process are closely related to socialist construction and vicissitude of “Stalin pattern”,which is the concrete form for the party and the people in the Soviet Union to practice socialism under special historical conditions.Its history of success and failure has accumulated rich experience in positive and negative aspects,and it is a precious treasure deserving continuous excavation of world's proletarian movement.This paper aims to practically and comprehensively explore the formation,connotation and reason of “Stalin pattern” in history by way of “historical materialism” and “dialectical materialism” from the angle of philosophy,and tries to avoid describing history only in the process of exploring history.Pure theoretical deduction for the history is also necessary,and the relations between objects in various aspects are collated as far as possible.Moreover,comprehensive research and analysis are conducted,to combine history and comments,with history as the evidence and comments as the leading part.Firstly,as for the formation process of “Stalin pattern”,some viewpoints consider that it is the inevitable thing of historical development,the requirement of domestic and international war environment in the Soviet Union,and the only road to consolidate the political power of Communist Party of the Soviet Union and build a socialist society in the Soviet Union.But another standpoint believes that “Stalin pattern” violates the rule of economic and social development,created redundant difficulties in the Soviet Union,and brought a catastrophic ending to the Soviet Union.Through reviewing and collating the history,the author discovers that the Soviet pattern is accompanied by the fight between two economic patterns about how to build socialism and what socialism should be constructed during different periods from formation to consolidation.“Stalin pattern” generated to solve different contradictions possesses both defects and reasonability of the era.Hence,it should neither be overstated as the necessity of history nor completely denied outside the history.Only by objectively investigating the formation of “Stalin pattern” in history,can we clearly realize its positive effects and existing problems.The Soviet Union is accompanied by the establishment of “Stalin pattern” in development,and it achieved the glory of socialist development in a certain sense.As a highly integrated development pattern of politics,economy and culture,however,it also became the objective force to influence the development direction of socialism.Besides,with a complicated organizational system and solidified bureaucratic interest group,it turned into an important source for the failure of various reforms at the later stage in the Soviet Union.Development of the Soviet Union was restricted by various aspects of “Stalin pattern”,and “Stalin pattern” was also ended with the disintegration of the Soviet Union.Secondly,according to the connotation and influence of “Stalin pattern”,“Stalin pattern” is reflected as a highly centralized planned economic system in economy,as it treats state power as the core,the Party Central Committee as the leader,party organization at various levels as the executor,industrial development of the country as the sole purpose,administrative order as the economic policy,and administrative means as the operation mode.In conclusion,it is an economic system with distinct characteristics,which restricts the commodity-money relationship,denies the law of value and effect of market mechanism,manages the economy with administrative order and even violent means,and puts all economic activities under directive plans.It develops heavy industry unilaterally,and realizes the purpose of high accumulation and investment by depriving farmers and restricting residents to improve their life.In a specific period,it not only helped the Soviet Union solve the survival crisis,and achieve overstep development,but also guided the direction for the world's communist movement,and powerfully restricted military actions of fascism and hegemony.Meanwhile,every coin has two sides.Industrialization was realized fast at the cost of backward agriculture and light industry.As a result,people's life was full of hardships.The high efficiency of highly centralized political system was realized at the cost of democracy and rule by law.In a short term,“Stalin pattern” can promote backward socialist countries to realize catching-up development,but in the long run,it will form inner contradictions to restrict productivity growth.Finally,through exploring the theoretical reasons for the formation of “Stalin pattern”,this paper tries to clarify which aspects of this pattern deviate from the theoretical direction of Marxism.Owing to the dogmatic understanding formed,the crisis could not be improved.Hence,it stepped toward extinction after losing the superiority of socialism step by step.According to the philosophical reflection from the dimension of “Stalin pattern”,it enlightens us that we must release the superiority of socialism during continuous reforms.In order to realize sustainable and healthy development of socialism,the relationship between personal interests and collective interests should be correctly handled,and it is the essential requirement and principle to realize and protect the people's interests.Moreover,it also inspires us to persist in,develop and scientifically apply Marxist theory.