Rural Migrant Workers In City And Russian Urban Social Changes (1861-1914)

Rural migrant workers in city as a product of commodity economy,which is the manifestation of the internal differentiation in village community. And also a common phenomenon in the social transformation era. Rural migrant workers in city are of far-reaching significance. When it leads the traditional village community to go towards disintegration, it also plays a very important role in the urban social changes.This essay aims at studying the development of rural migrant workers, 1861-1914,and its impact in the urban social changes. The main structure of this paper is divided into three parts: the preface, the text and the conclusion.The first part, the preface mainly tells us the significance and value of the study mentioned in this essay and gives us a review of overseas and domestic research status on this study.The second part of this essay is main text, and it is further divided into four sections:The first section mainly studys the urban social changes after the serfdom reform and the new development of rural migrant workers in city, first of all, this section explores the roots of rural migrant worker in Russian city. The depth development of commodity economy and the changes among the form of the rent exploitation, which leads to a frequency of rural migrant workers. Next, Russian society was experiencing the changes from traditional agricultural society to modern industrial society, and from the development of industrial economy and the adverse effect brought from the serfdom reform in 1861, we can know the new development of rural migrant workers in city in the background of the complex and varying social situation.The second section elaborates the basic situation and the features of the development of rural migrant workers in city after the serfdom reform. by the arrangements and analysis of the data, we can find that the scale of the rural migrant workers in city after the serfdom reform have been expanding, and it is more obvious to find the feature of the origin and destination of rural migrant workers. From the aspects of age, gender and working time length, etc. we can easily generalize the features of rural migrant workers in city.The third section mainly study the urban social life of the rural migrant workers in city. Urban society made major changes to the way they live. But those rural migrant workers in city could still obstinately hold the traditional view, and it cannot be easily changed. Firstly,rural migrant workers plays a important role in various industries,and which promote the economic growth of the society. As we all know, the social position of rural migrant workers is low and they always are under the control of the hostile employers. Secondly, with maintaining the ongoing contact with the community, rural migrant workers gradually integrate into the city society. Which it reflects in many factors, including accommodation, diet, recreation, marriage and family, etc. Finally, the group conscious that is developed in the village community of rural migrant workers still have a role to play in city society,which significantly affect the behaviors and habits of rural migrant workers in city.The fourth section elaborate the role of rural migrant workers in city played in the process of urban social change. On the one hand, the influx of rural population to urban rises the level of urbanization and exerts positive influence on the urban modernization.Rural migrant workers are intrinsically related to the growth of economy,which have a more positive impact on many aspects including city function diversification and the appearance of the major cities. The growth of rural migrant workers makes the issues of municipal management more complicated. Under the complex social background after the serfdom reform, the process of the Russian city self-government reform need to require further development to be adapted to changing situation. On the other hand, rural migrant workers play a positive role in the change of city social strata. As an important part of the city social strata, Industrial proletariat is the core of the labour movement.Rural migrant workers are the main source of the industrial proletariat. In the course of the formations of team, the collective belief of the proletariat has been increasing. They are brave to revolt and pursue their own rights. Therefore the power of industrial proletariat gradually become more mature than before, which plays a very important role in the 20th-century history of Russian revolution.The last part serves as a conclusion of the main ideas of this paper, and sum up the influence on history.