Dilthey And Marx:Meeting In The Thought Of Life

It is convinced that Dilthey and Marx pay close attention to the philosophy question of life synchronously through the critique of traditional metaphysical view of life by human sciences and historical science.The meeting of Dilthey and Marx is mainly the meeting of human sciences and historical science,and this is the starting point of this study.Dilthey's human sciences are considered to derive from the following criticisms including historism,empiricism,positivism and apriorism,and then the criticisms in natural scientism and traditional metaphysics.Marx's historical science is considered to derive from the following criticisms including the traditional materialism,idealism,classical politics and classical political economics,and then the criticisms in idealistic view of nature,history,human nature and traditional metaphysics.So to speak,Dilthey and Marx's objects of criticism are basically consistent;both of them point the criticisms to the whole traditional philosophy,though the new viewpoints of world,philosophy and life based on their criticisms could be different from each other.The new viewpoint of life in human sciences is on account of the uniform relationship between lived-experience,comprehension and expression,whereas the new viewpoint of life in historical science is based on perceptional activity and social production.Both of them put the perceptional life activity or lived-experience in the first precondition of all the social history and scientific knowledge.Human sciences' precondition is lived-experience whereas historical science's precondition is the principle of perceptual objects.Both of two are not completely independent but corresponding expresses the historical and substantial existence of human being.The lived-experience in human sciences has an implication of objective-activity;correspondingly,the reason why individual's lived-experience is objectivity and universality is that it always points to explicit objects.The objective-activity which is basically the deploying process of life-practice in historical materialism has a connotation of lived-experience.In this sense,it is possible to consider that Dilthey and Marx meeting in the thought of life.However,Dilthey and Marx's thought of life have some different idea.The main contents of Dilethey's thought of life contain that understanding history through the way of life itself,understanding the knowledge through the way of life itself and interpreting life through the way of life itself.The main contents of Marx's thought of life contain that understanding nature through the way of life itself,creating the history through the way of life itself and changing world through the way of life itself.The pre-conceptuality,pre-categoricity and pre-historicality are prominence in Dilthey's thought of life through the way of redrawing strict boundary between natural science and human sciences.The priority of perceptual life in Marx's thought of life is on the strength of criticism to the traditional materialism and traditional metaphysics.The enlightenment of Dilthey's thought of life contains that understanding and expressing the life and history through the life category rather than natural scientific category,which means the private lived-experience could be generalized by the life category.The enlightenment of Marx's thought of life contains that the understanding of the world is based on the changing of the world,which means that consciousness is determined by life.Dilthey and Marx's thought of life have some common enlightenment to contemporary human existence including the following.First,thinking on ontology though the way of life.After Dilthey and Marx,perceptional life and lived-experience have displaced rational life in the ontology.Second,thinking on paradigm revolution though the way of life.Paradigm revolution is generally existed in the contemporary philosophy and science,and the thought of life by Dilthey and Marx could provide a new theoretical resource for the paradigm revolution.Third and last,thinking on human existence though the way of life.In modern society,humans are in the face of various post-modern problems which none of them is not associated with realistic situation and suffering in their existence.Dilethey and Marx's thought of life could provide an optional perspective for the solution to various problems in human existence.