Translation Studies Of Culture-loaded Words In Fu Zao From The Perspective Of Manipulation Theory

Culture-loaded words highlight the characteristics and culture of a nation.On the one hand,peculiarities and differences that culture-loaded words contain cause difficulties and obstacles between different cultures.On the other hand,culture-loaded words,carrying large amount of information of culture,are important mediums to know heterogeneous culture.Therefore,translation studies about it have its importance and necessity.Manipulation theory is the core theory of culture school of translation studies.As the representative figure of the cultural manipulation school,André Lefevere believes that the translation process is the rewriting process of the original texts based on extratextual factors.To some extent,translation is the manipulation of the original,while translation activities themselves are manipulated by three factors of patronage,poetics and ideology.The thesis is conducted within theoretical framework of manipulation theory,taking English version of Fu Zao translated by Howard Goldblatt as the study object,adopting Nida's classification patterns of culture-loaded words,culture-loaded words in the text are divided into five categories of ecological,material,social,religious and linguistic culture-loaded words.Then the thesis analyzes the selection of translation strategies in the translation of culture-loaded words from the perspective of manipulation theory,and aims to explore how the three factors of manipulation theory influenced the translator to rewrite and manipulate the translation in the translation process.This study found that in order to meet the demand of target readers,Howard Goldblatt took different translation methods and strategies,mainly including explanation,literal translation with notes,substitution and liberal translation in translating culture-loaded words of Fu Zao.Meanwhile,Howard Goldblatt is influenced by the three factors in his translation process.Firstly,Patronage manipulates the rewriting of the original.Howard Goldblatt attaches importance to patron's expectation and rewrites the original consciously or unconsciously to a certain degree;Secondly,Poetics manipulates the translation of culture-loaded words such as idioms,old sayings and proverbs etc.;Thirdly,Ideology manipulates the translation of religious culture-loaded words.Howard Goldblatt strengthens Christian culture,and weakens Buddhist and Taoist culture.Therefore,under the influence of three factors of manipulation theory,Goldblatt takes into consideration of not only trying to keep the style of the original text into the target text,but also catering for the taste and expectation horizon of the target readers.It can be achieved to smoothly introduce Chinese culture into foreign countries where the original flavor of Chinese culture can be understood and accepted by the readers.There is a great deal of culture-loaded words with strong Chinese local flavor in Fu Zao.Till now,Howard Goldblatt's translation is the sole English version of Fu Zao which plays an important role in the spread of Jia Pingwa's literary works abroad.This thesis selects Fu Zao and its translation version Turbulence as research objects,and discusses cultural manipulation factors that influence Howard Goldblatt's translation activities.What's more,the research finding of this study could have a positive effect on the translation of Chinese literary works,and contribute to promote Chinese literature to walk into the world.