| Zhang Taiyan(1869-1936)was born in Yuhang,Zhejiang,a master of Chinese culture and a famous thinker in the history of modern Chinese academic culture.In modern China,during the process of collision,communication and integration between Chinese and Western cultures,the traditional Chinese moral value system gradually collapsed and even collapsed.On this basis,a large number of thinkers worried about the country and the people are trying to establish a new moral value system.Zhang Taiyan is undoubtedly one of the most conscious and most accomplished architects in the history of modern ethics.His "self-independence" mentality emphasizes the subjective value of morality and occupies a central position in his ethical ideology.The study of this paper is divided into three parts:The first part analyzes the origin and theoretical basis of Zhang Taiyan’s moral subjectivity of "independently follow him." Zhang Taiyan’s thought of "taking care of himself according to his own morality" has great influence on pre-Qin ethics and Buddhist ethics.The source of the idea of "according to self-independence" comes from Confucius.Zhang Taiyan believes that the destruction of the theory of ghosts and goddesses,and the transformation of Chinese culture from "in accordance with others" to "accomplishing himself," must be attributed to Confucius.Before Confucius,there was also a saying that respected the spirits of heaven and ghosts,and that the human gods and gods and ghosts dominated the spiritual world of mankind.When they reached Confucius,they began to crowd out the ghosts and gods.In the context of the change of the ideology of the Yin-Shang people in the history of pre-Qin ethics and the Zhou Dynasty’s ethical concept of protecting people,the awakening of human consciousness,it is more natural for Zhang Taiyan to establish the human-centered moral ideology.In the second chapter,Zhang Taiyan borrows Buddhist ideas and seeks a reasonable existence basis for the new religion he advocates and establishes.He drew on the theory of Confucius,put forward his own atheism,and on this basis he criticized contemporary utilitarianism and hoped to fully mobilize the subjective initiative of man.He put forward the theory of "no evil and no good" on human nature.He believes that the truth and goodness of the human heart are inseparable from the secularsociety.Only by correctly understanding the secular society,can people’s inner heart form a certain standard of good and evil.Complete the process of "seeking truth."The second part explains the main content of Zhang Taiyan’s moral subjectivity thought of "does not follow him".The core of Zhang Taiyan’s moral subjectivity of "does not follow him" is premised on the establishment of the subjective status of the person,including the abolition of "former knowledge",abandonment of "heaven",negation of "ghost god",and opposition to "idol worship".Man is the purpose rather than the means.If the God and ghosts and gods who are outside are in the dominant position,they will fundamentally influence and destabilize the subjective position in the moral life.Therefore,Zhang Taiyan used a large number of arguments to strive to abandon all non-human factors,including God,ghosts and spirits,etc.,aiming to establish the principal position of man from the root.Because only dispelling the external forces that people can rely on,talents may turn to themselves and rely on themselves to seek support in their own internal world.At the same time,the moral subjectivity of people can be established.At the same time,Zhang Taiyan devoted himself to the study of the essence of nationalism and the promotion of nationalism,attempting to arouse the patriotic feelings of the national masses with the national quintessence,and hoping to initiate the moral confidence of the people with religion.Zhang Taiyan is keenly aware of the tremendous impetus of moral emotions.He stressed that at the moment of national disaster,the most important rescue method is to increase the national strength by fostering the feelings of the patriotic and loving families,and to increase the centripetal force and cohesion of the nation.Realize the subjectivity of the nation and the nation,rescue the nation in distress and realize the prosperity and prosperity of the nation.Zhang Taiyan’s lifelong academic activities can be summed up as “From the beginning to the end,it turns out to be true,and finally it comes back to the truth”.The third part makes a theoretical analysis of Zhang Taiyan’s moral subjectivity thought of "does not follow him".Zhang Taiyan’s criticism of the current state of national morality can be said to be a profound reflection on the inadequacies of traditional culture and show the value of a cultural criticism.He not only practices in practice,but also creates a subversive at the expense of devoting his life.era.More importantly,he also proposed an ethical ideologythat focuses on emotional treatment.This not only makes moral subjectivity more perfect,but also encourages the languid people.Zhang Taiyan once said that although traditional Chinese moral education There are various methods,but the ultimate goal is the same,that is,"do not follow him" as the highest principle.In today’s opinion,we are not advocating "independence" and "self-reliance" ? This to some extent is consistent with the inner spirit of Zhang Taiyan’s "Do not follow him" thought.Therefore,"being independent of him" is not only the essence of Chinese traditional moral culture,but also an important topic of our moral education today.However,he overemphasized the free will of human subjectivity,denied the social laws,denied the objective inevitability of things,and at the same time proclaimed the human subjectivity and voluntarism,overturned all norms and rules that met the objective laws and showed strong The tendency of voluntarism has even fallen into anarchy.This is also the most unfavorable fruit of his "according to the self" philosophy. |
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