The Human Heart And Humanity: A Preliminary Probe Into Zhang Taiyan's Moral Thought

The first chapter mainly explains zhang taiyan's criticism and reconstruction of the existing moral origin.Through the criticism of "god",this predeterminate noumenon and the optimistic human nature here,the author puts forward the moral origin relying on noumenon of "truth",which can also be understood as "I without self'.Through the self-negation of the "unreal self' of "according to others”,"the self without self" not only provides a guarantee for the "I" as an individual but also provides a basis for existence for me.On the whole,the criticism and reconstruction of moral origin provide ontological basis for the moral practice of self-respecting mind.In the second chapter,the author firstly combs the seemingly opposite aspects of moral practice.This includes love and reason,birth and wto,misanthropy and charity,the relationship between individuals and groups.In an era when moral customs were in bad condition,zhang taiyan believed that the samanas and common people as the supreme ones should play the role of moral pioneers,which reflected the elitism in zhang taiyan's moral thoughts.At the same time,he advocated the moral quality of farmers and workers to feed the general public,which reflected the populist orientation in zhang taiyan's thought.Based on the reflection of "false morality",zhang taiyan thinks that "xiangyuan",which is made up of grass and wild teachers,should be regarded as a moral village where the few interact with the many,and the cultivation of people's customs should focus on guiding people's inner feelings rather than on empty moral preaching.Chapter three firstly discusses the negative influence of the concept of "shang xian" on morality and achievement.Zhang taiyan criticizes the traditional Confucian"sage politics" by reflecting on the concept of "shang xian" and affirms the positive role of the theory of "Lao zhuang" in morality and achievement.As Confucianism is inclined to moral idealism,legalism is too strict and "can not be with people",the affirmation of this pair of Lao zhuang's learning means the suversions of Confucianism and law.The combination of Lao zhuang's "tao" and the only theory of knowledge forms the "tao" of"qi wu","qi wu" and "qi wu".This "tao" of "qi wu" indicates that the concrete practice itself can also be regarded as the realistic development process of moral practice,which is a very low-key and pragmatic way of moral practiceThe fourth chapter makes a connection between the idea of "I without self" and "qi without self',whose inner reason is to maximize the development of human possibility on the moral or economic level.This paper compares the "tao of heaven" which promotes morality by means of "heaven" or "god" with the "humanity" which promotes morality by means of realistic people,and holds that both "tao of heaven" and"humanity" depend on "human heart",thus pointing out the relationship between"human heart and humanity".Postscript is based on the modern Chinese thinking under the changing description on moral ideas,description on the reality of human nature "ignorance" has strong feelings,the strong feelings makes description on the duality has a deep understanding of human nature of good and evil,and this knowledge makes description in criticizes the moral idealism and did not go to moral relativism.In the late qing dynasty,people's understanding of concepts such as "civilization","axiom" and "evolution" is still influential today.Therefore,we should further explore the rich and diversified connotations of these concepts and look for more possibilities of modernity.