A Research On Jilin Chongwen Academy In Late Qing Dynasty

In the Qing Dynasty,due to the dual impact of the banned policy and the restrained academy policy,the academy development in the Jilin area was very slow.It was not until the Tongguang period that the Jilin area ushered in the peak of the academy's development.The Jilin Chongwen Academy of this article was built at this time.The establishment of the Chongwen Academy is the result of the Qing government's rejuvenation of the academy during the Tongguang period,and it is also the reflection of socio-economic development of the Jilin area in cultural education after the opening of the ban.Taking into account the cultural and educational atmosphere and the traffic conditions,the Academy is located in Jilin City,Chaoyang Gate,east of the Institute.With regard to the establishment of Chongwen Academy,there are different opinions.After scrutinizing various historical sources,the author believes that this academy should be established in the 11 th year of Tongzhi(1872).After the establishment of the Chongwen Academy,it has undergone several expansions and the scale has gradually taken shape.Eventually,in the wave of changing the academy to school in the late Qing Dynasty,it was changed to be a normal school and withdrawn from the stage of history.The daily management of Chongwen Academy is relatively systematic and complete,involving organization management,student management,and teaching management.In terms of organization management,Chongwen Academy implements a board-led model,in which local gentlemen are responsible for all things of the academy.In addition,there are positions such as Shanzhang,Jianyuan,Sishi,Zhaizhang and Xueshu.They are responsible for teaching and financial work.In terms of student management,the Chongwen Academy is more rigorous.On the one hand,it imposes restrictions on student enrollment,and on the other,it regulates the behavior of the students.In terms of teaching management,Chongwen Academy is in charge of lectures by Shanzhang,and tests the effectiveness of teaching through regular official exams,fasting exams,and internal exams.All examinations have rewards and penalties in order to motivate the students.In addition to the systematic improvement of daily management,Chongwen Academy's funding operations are also in an orderly manner.The academy is in great need of funds for operation.Its sources of funding include official donations,Xuetian operations,housing leases,and business interests.They have distinctive diversity.The Chongwen Academy implements a fund management model which operated by the people but supervised by the government,and its funds are mainly used for various daily expenses and infrastructure construction.What needs to be further clarified is that in the daily management and funding operation of the Chongwen Academy,the officials have played an important role,and the local gentlemen do not have full autonomy.The Chongwen Academy,which was built in the transition period from traditional education to modern education,made a certain contribution to the education in the Jilin area.It is not only a model for the academy in Jilin,but also employs outstanding teachers and cultivates many excellent talents.On the other hand,the Chongwen Academy has also played a role in promoting the development of the cultural industry in the Jilin area.The collection activities of the academy have increased the total amount of cultural knowledge resources in Jilin City to a certain extent.The numerous achievements made by the teachers and students of the Academy in literature and arts have also contributed to the prosperity of cultural undertakings in the entire area.