The Consistence Of Belief Among College Students:Comparisons Between The Implicit Belief And Explicit Belief

Purposes: the aims of this paper are to(1)explore the level of implicit beliefs of college students and the differences in demographic variables;(2)explore the level of explicit beliefs of college students and the differences in demographic variables;(3)compare the implicit beliefs and explicit beliefs of college students and seek out the consistency between them.Methods: Participants of this paper were composed by 69 college students who were invited to take part in experiment one and experiment two to test implicit beliefs.On the other side,the spiritual beliefs questionnaire of college students was conducted by the participants to test explicit beliefs.E-Merge was used for data reduction,SPSS22.0 was used to make variance and correlation analysis,and Amos21.0 was used to compare the structural model between implicit beliefs and belief.(1)Experiment one,the level of implicit beliefs of college students: using the EAST experimental paradigm and programming through the E-Prime2.0.Experiment one was composed four sub experiments,respectively,sub experiment of national political beliefs,family beliefs,money beliefs and life beliefs.Each sub experiment was a two-factor experiment in 2*2 group.The factors in two groups refer to word type(positive word of beliefs,negative word of beliefs)and attribution of external response(self,others),and the dependent variable is reaction time,which aims to explore different types of the level of implicit beliefs of college students.(2)Experiment two,the preference of college students on implicit beliefs: Experiment two was a two-factor experiment in 4*2 group.The factors in two group refer to word type(national political words,family words,money words,life words)and attribution of external response(important,unimportant)and the dependent variable is reaction time,which aims to investigate whether there is a preference difference in different types of beliefs of college students.(3)Measurement of explicit beliefs of college student: the spiritual beliefs questionnaire of college students was used to measure the explicit beliefs of college students afterexperiment one and experiment two.Results:(1)Experiment one: Sub experiment of national political beliefs reflects that the reaction time of the subjects was not significant on demographic variables,the main effect of word type was not significant,F=0.168,P=0.684,the main effect of attribution of external response was not significant,F=2.495,P=0.119,and there was no significant interaction between word type and attribution of external response,F=2.495,P=0.119;Sub experiment of family beliefs shows that girls reaction time was significantly faster than boys,F=4.084,P=0.049,the main effect of word type was not significant,F=0.157,P=0.693,the main effect of attribution of external response was not significant,F=2.698,P=0.105,and there was no significant interaction between word type and attribution of external response,F=1.099,P=0.298;Sub experiment of money beliefs indicates that the reaction time of the subjects was not significant on demographic variables,the main effect of word type was not significant,F=0.143,P=0.706,the main effect of attribution of external response was not significant,F=1.857,P=0.178,and there was significant interaction between word type and attribution of external response,F=69.572,P<0.001;Sub experiment of life beliefs,the main effect of word type was not significant,F=3.888,P=0.053,the main effect of attribution of external response was not significant,F=1.228,P=0.272,and there was significant interaction between word type and attribution of external response,F=15.464,p<0.001.(2)Experiment two: girls reaction time was significantly faster than boys,F=3.291,P=0.028,reaction time of students of science and engineering was faster than students of literature and history,F=3.291,P=0.028,the main effect of word type was significant F=6.294,P<0.001,reaction time of subjects to national political words was significantly slower than that of family words,money words and life words,the main effect of attribution of external response was not significant,F=0.028,P=0.868,and there was significant interaction between word type and attribution of external response,F=1.234,P=0.298.(3)Measurement of explicit beliefs questionnaire: college students of literature and history scored significantly higher in national political belief than students of science,F=3.402,P=0.024,the score of all participants in national political beliefs was significantly higher than that of the other three dimensions,and the score of allparticipants in money belief was significantly lower than the other three dimensions,F=119.391,P<0.001.Conclusions:(1)In terms of implicit beliefs,money beliefs were at the highest level,life and family beliefs were at the middle level,and national political beliefs were at the lowest level.(2)As for explicit beliefs,national political beliefs were at the highest level,which was significantly higher than the other three dimensions,while money beliefs were at the lowest level,which was significantly lower than the other three dimensions.Based on the score,the ranking was national political belief,life belief,family belief and money belief.(3)The correlation of implicit beliefs and explicit beliefs of college students was not significant and was at an extremely low level.And implicit belief and explicit belief of college students tend to be two different structures.