Research On Rural Hollowing Degree And Types In Typical Rural Areas

In recent years, rural Hollowing, a special phenomenon under the urban-rural dualism, has been a hot topic for rural geography, economics, land science, sociology and other disciplines. At present, the dualistic system has not been fundamentally changed. The urban-rural interest conflict and the pressure on employment of rural surplus labor force have not been relieved. In addition, the rural land system and homestead management are institutionally dysfunction. With all these phenomena unsolved, rural hollowing will persist. Associated with rural industrial hollowing, hollow homestead, population and infrastructure, rural hollowing has greatly affected the rural living environment, meanwhile resulting in bidirectional waste of land, thereby affecting the sustainable development of rural society and economy. In the new era of new rural construction, it is of great significance to properly solve the three rural issues, mitigate the rural hollowing and improve rural living environment.The author studies the degree and types of rural hollowing in Fuzhou city, a traditional agricultural district in south China, by analyzing the 2010 statistical yearbook of Fuzhou city and its subordinate counties, the 2010 land alteration data of Fuzhou city, the census data in 2010 and field survey data, etc. The degree and influence factors of rural hollowing are analyzed from both macroscopic and microscopic aspect, with the application of analysis software like Arcgis and SPSS and field survey methodology as well as mathematical statistical methodologies like variable coefficient and correlation analysis, etc. According to the differences of the dominant factors, the sample villages are further classified. The characteristics of each type are summarized from aspects of population, homestead, infrastructure and the status of arable land. The most typical villages for each type are selected as representatives for empirical analysis. According to the analysis, the research results are shown as follows:From the macroscopic aspect, the appraisal value of rural hollowing degree is in the range of 0.2477-0.8345 in various counties of Fuzhou City in 2010. Besides, there are large number of counties with heavy degree and severe degree of rural hollowing, respectively accounting for 35.1% and 27.81% of the total quantities. In terms of geographical distribution, the degree of rural hollowing in Fuzhou city is obviously higher in northwest areas and lower in southeast areas. In addition, the degree in plain areas is substantially higher than that in hilly areas. In terms of administrative areas, the degree of rural hollowing in the residence of the county government is generally lower than other towns within its scope. The towns with mild degree of rural hollowing are mainly in Nancheng county and Nanfeng county. Most of the towns with heavy and severe degree of rural hollowing are in Jinxi county, Linchuan district, Guangchang county and Lean county.From the microscopic aspect, the hollowing degree of the 56 samples ranges from 20.29% to 89.08%, with a overall higher hollowing degree and most moderate hollowing degree, accounting for 57.14% of the whole. The light degree of hollowing follows, accounting for 30.36%. The heavy degree of hollowing is relatively few, accounting for only 12.5%. Among the three types, the degree of rural hollowing in hilly plains areas is minimum, followed by the plain areas. However, the hollowing degree of hilly and mountain areas is the highest, and the homestead update rate is fastest in hilly and mountain areas whose waste rate is higher than vacancy rate. The update rate of homestead in plain areas is fast, with a higher vacancy rate than waste rate.According to the further analysis of the influence factors of rural hollowing, the rural hollowing degree is negatively correlated with rural per capita net income, non-agricultural industries, the proportion of cash crops income in total income, resident population rate, etc. However, it is positively correlated with the rate of migrant workers, the rate of going out for other reasons and the area of arable land per capita. In addition, the employment structure of peasant household has no effect on it. Among the above factors, the per capita net income of farmers, the rate of the resident population and rural migrant workers are significantly correlated with the rural hollowing degree and have great impact on it.The 56 samples are classified according to the differences among their dominant factors. There are mainly four types of hollow villages: agriculture-oriented hollow village, non-agricultural oriented hollow villages, migrant-led hollow villages as well as policy-oriented hollow village. Among the four types of villages, the per capita net income of farmers in agriculture-oriented hollow villages and non-agricultural oriented hollow villages is higher with a lower hollow degree. Instead, the hollow degree of the other two types of villages is higher. There are also differences among the characteristics of different types of hollow villages. The study mainly makes analysis of their characteristics from four aspects: the population hollow, homestead hollow, infrastructure hollow and status of farmland. Besides, the case analysis is conducted by selecting five typical villages: Lukou village, Shangbao villiage, Luojiadu Village, Xu village and Zaoshizhen village.