The Criticism And Transcendence Of Marx To The Capitalistic Justice Views Of Adam Smith

Marx believes that the justice of capital has historic legitimacy,because of its correlation and legitimacy in a certain historic stage,but the capital is injustice over the period.However,Adam Smith believes that the capital is not only the essential factor of production,but also is forever.They both insist developing social productive forces and solving the social problem by economic means.Marx thinks realizing social justice is through eliminating class and exploitation,but Adam Smith thinks realizing social justice is by capitalists own moderation and moral constraints.Although they believe the justice of capital,there is the essential difference whether in the setting of the final goals or on the road of realizing justice.Adam Smith thinks the justice of capital is forever,because the capital promoted the rapid development of social productivity in his stage.Marx thinks the capital is injustice,because the capital is lagging in his stage.In the background of the times,Marx found the essential natures by restudying the capital and from the facts.In researching justice view of capital,Marx has been over Adam Smith.Through researching many famous experts’ views about the justice concepts of Marx and Adam Smith,the paper finds that more experts,who research the justice concepts of Marx,study earlier than scholars who research the justice concepts of Adam Smith.Many famous experts usually research the justice concepts of Marx in the fields of society and politics,but not research the capital.Any idea can’t take shape without its historical background.Similarly,researching both the justice view of the capital can’t be separated from their historical background.By comparative study,the paper finds their different attitudes and purposes about the capital.About the partition of the capital,fixed capital and floating capital,Marx’s view is different from Adam Smith’s view.Marx thinks that the capital is the value bringing surplus value,but the capital view of Adam Smith reflects the nature of capital exploitation.Moreover,understanding and partition of Adam Smith about the capital is not only by his experience,but also confusion.Marx thinks that the capital is the social relations basing on the labor force becoming the commodity,but not representation of bartering.The first representation of the capital was currency,and evolved into general form,such as land capital and human capital.The capital is neither spontaneous nor forever,and is the outcome of the development of society to a certain stage and the special outcome in a capitalist system.From historical materialism view,Marx demonstrated scientifically the process of production,development and extinction of the capital.The purpose of the capital pursues the maximum profit,but not hires workers or creates value.It is the nature of the capital,and realizes the value of proliferation by market economy.Marxist political economics is part from Adam Smith,and transcends Adam Smith in the field of criticism and has a great influence upon the construction of harmonious society.It promotes integrated development of urban and rural areas,reasonable distribution and correct understanding the problems in process of the development of the marketing economy.