Adam Smith's Inheritance And Development Of Hume's Justice Thought

In the history of Western political philosophy,"justice" has always been an important topic for a long time.Since Plato,many philosophers have profoundly elucidated the issue of justice.The purpose of this paper is to understand and reflect on the modern justice of the West in a close way through Hume's just thought and Adam Smith's investigation of its inheritance and development.The first part of the thesis mainly expounds the significance of the topic selection,and sorts out the research literature at home and abroad.On this basis,the research ideas of this paper are determined.The second part of the article is about the criticism of Hobbes and Locke's contract theory.Because of the movements such as the Renaissance and the Reformation,the social contract theory has flourished.The social contract theory has been vigorously developed and become an important ideological theory that cannot be evaded when demonstrating the origin and establishment of the state and the government.Among them,Hobbes and Locke's contract theory thoughts have far-reaching influence.Hume and Adam Smith have profoundly criticized Hobbes and Locke's contractual ideas in expounding their own ideas of justice.Hume criticized the social contract theory on the basis of empiricism.He denounced and criticized the natural law,the natural state,the freedom to resort to reason,and the contractual process of government origin.Smith is mainly focused on the preliminary interpretation of the origin of government in the theory of contract theory.His criticism is concrete and detailed.The third part of the article is to discuss the basis of human nature of justice.Hume explained the origin of justice through an examination of human nature.In this process,he introduced the theory of sympathy,which enabled the establishment of justice under the selfish human nature.His theory of sympathy was inherited and developed by Smith.Sympathy theory is an important ideological connotation that runs through the " The Theory of Moral Sentiments".Smith adopted the concept of "appropriateness" to distinguish and examine the five passions of human beings.The spectator who is dispensable at Hume is further established as a purely objective and neutral presence of"Impartial Spectator ".His theory of sympathy has been fully and harmoniously.The most important role of sympathy theory is to provide a standard for moral judgment.The biggest difference between Smith and Hume's moral judgment is that he believes that the premise of moral judgment criteria should not be the effect of behavior,but the motivation of behavior.He gave a profound exposition of moral judgment.By distinguishing between human virtue and natural virtue,Hume determines the priority and necessity of justice as a human virtue.Smith agrees with Hume at this point,and defines justice as a virtue and explains the mandatory and priority of justice.This is recognized by Smith.The fourth part of the article is the similarities and differences between the two rules of justice.Hume proposed three rules of justice centered on property rights.Through his discussion of the origin of the government and the functions of the government,we can find that the rules of justice lay the foundation for the establishment of the government and the establishment of authority.Hume's rules of justice use property rights as the theoretical core,making property rights determined in the form of core laws.Property rights have acquired the abstract nature of the law,and the rules of justice have also gained the value of the legal system.By understanding the"Impartial Spectator" from the institutional level,Smith made the justice rule equally valuable to the legal system.Through the contrast between the two virtues of benevolence and justice,he starts from the negativity and compulsory of justice,and makes justice gain the utility of righteousness.The fifth part of the article is the historical effect of Hume and Adam Smith's justice thoughts.