| It is a constant interest for great thinkers to find out the law lying behind the progression of human history. And the search of driving force of history is fundamental in the pursuit of historical law. Looking back to the human history, we can find that most thinkers after the era of Renaissance attributed the driving force behind historical development to individuals and states, in hope of constructing a reasonable order with the paradigm of “individual-state”. Relatively, the nature and value of “civil society” were veiled by such paradigm. Embracing the dimension of civil society in Marx' s Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right solved the long-standing essential theoretical dilemma in political system construction, and indicated the truth that reconstruction of social order can only be realized by facing and transcending civil society. Therefore, this thesis takes Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right as textual basis and probes into the value of Marx's pioneering focus on civil society for intellectual history on the basis of retrieving its historical context.Thus, this thesis first reviews the research on this monograph to date recovering its specific writing background with the aim to find out the motivation of Marx's thought change. On this foundation, the author will analyze the manuscript and combines the analysis with literature review and background carding, displaying the development of intellectual history and interpreting the value of this manuscript. In addition to the parts of introduction and conclusion, this thesis can be divided into four parts:In the first part, the author has a literature review on research of the manuscript. In this section, the text and structure of Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right are introduced; the following literature review is conducted with reference to both the western and Chinese studies. In the review, the research orientation and approach will be cleared. Then after a brief analysis of these studies, the author will point out the orientation of this thesis.The second part is the temporal background of this manuscript to lay a foundation for entering Marx's textual world. This introduction is conducted along four lines among which two are primary and the other two are subsidiary. For the sake of description, the first primary line is the timeline spanning from "Rheinische Zeitung" period to the period of Kreuznach. If we take mind change as a subsidiary line, there will be two primary lines: the first is Marx's cutting lies with Young Hegelians in “Rheinische Zeitung" period; the second is his being influenced by Feuerbach's Compendium in the period of Kreuznach.In the third part, the author analyzes the textual world of this manuscript with the approaches of definition and interpretation, demonstrating the history of Marx's critique on Hegel. Taking into consideration of the significance of some concepts in the manuscript, the author first set down the definitions of two terms, “mysticism” and “civil society”, based on Marx's related statements. After demarcation of the definitions, this thesis goes through the process of Marx's systemic critique on Hegel's philosophy of right along two lines of “remove of mysticism” and “civil society determining political states”.The fourth part takes the development of intellectual history as a clue and unveils the manuscript's value in mind history by stating the history of civil society. The author inserts the writing of this manuscript into the advance of intellectual history on the basis of the second part's retrieving of its temporal context and the third part's interpretation of its textual world(the liberation of civil society).The value of this manuscript of Marx is discussed through introducing three phases of civil society development: “confusion”, “independence” and “revival”: in critizing Hegel's philosophy of right, Marx changed the historical status of civil society and embarked on transcending civil society in the pursuit of human liberation. |
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