The Cultural Adaptation Research Of The Miao Village Lived By Managing The Forest Forming Process

In the Qing Shui River basin, there are important forest areas of the south of our nation. The Jia Chi Village who lives by managing the wood is the miniature of this basin. In its 700 years, the Jia Chi village lived by different methods. During the period, the local residents changed the species of trees and moved the village. At last, it establishes the way of living by managing the wood. During the process of shaping, including the variation of the seed, the development of the transport corridors and the movement, there are the indispensible factors. After investigating in the field, we start to understand that the ancestors of Jia Chi lived at the foot of the mountain who lived by water shipment and the cedar everywhere is not the original tree species. The residents move the village to the hillside in order to monitor the forest and the tunnel. This article tries to interpret the process of the village shaping from the aspect of cultural adaptation and declares that nations' culture and biology come to the equilibrium condition during the running process of different natural and social factors.The paper tries to research the process of Jia Chi's establishment, just including the important activities of management of the forest, such as changing the tree species, developing the transport tunnel and the movement of the village. All these stuffs are the necessary ways to make the village become a rich and prosperous one. Of course, these stuffs are the basic segment during the establishment. Based on this background, the paper decides to discuss from the following aspect: Firstly, I research the variation of the tree species and then discuss the reason for the change; Secondly, I explain that there is a strong correlate between the composition of the village and the artificial forest from the transition of the Jia Chi village; Thirdly, I prove that the appearance of the tunnels is the power to improve the establishment of the village. To sum up, the paper draws a clear picture for the village.The paper takes the theory of cultural adaptation as the stand. It tries to research the interaction relationship between forest ecology and the nation culture by the theory and methods of the cultural adaptation in Jia Chi's specific time field, according the materials of the field investigation and history. In the flame of the cultural adaptation, one nation's culture not only adapts to the system of nature and ecology, but the feature of the society. These two kinds of adaptation would exist at the same time.As the above states, the objects in the cultural adaptation consist natural environment and social environment. The formation of Jia Chi Village is promoted by these two factors. To meet the market demand, to manage forest production is to adapt to the social environment. To develop tunnels of transporting the wood, to improve the skill of planting trees,to move the village, is to avoiding the disadvantageous natural factor. After adapting to the natural and social environment, the Jia Chi Village avoids the ecologic system's weakness and the skills of artificial forestation grow matured. At the same time, the Jia Chi Village make up the weakness of the resource structure and avoid the natural risks to make the village a successful case. This paper combs through the trace of the cultural adaptation to make the relevant relationship between nation culture and ecological environment clear.The paper provides the Jia Chi Village as a case, which is meaningful to explain the relationship of culture and environment. It deepens the understanding of the cultural ecology and enriches the theory of ecological anthropology. Above all, it brings a deep thinking for the work of social ecology civilization construction and poverty relief and development. Since the local ecological system is not the natural system, but artificial cultural ecology, we should not invest more money to protect the artificial forest as the natural forest. Besides, the paper tries to refute the saying "to protect the ecology must keep human away". It proves that the protection of artificial can not keep human away. Without the effort of human, the artificial trees lost the nature condition, so human's intelligence is important to the work of social ecology civilization construction.