Research On The Plan Of Pension Models And Facilities For The Elders For Villages And Towns In Severe Cold Region

Population aging is one of the major challenges our government and society are facing.Under the long-term effect of dual pattern of urban and rural areas,the pension system,code standard guidance and the supply of manpower,finance and materials are very lacking,the planning of old-age facilities has always been neglected in the planning of villages and towns,and the supply of related services and facilities has lagged far behind.Limited by the climate,location and other factors,the development of the facilities for the elders in severe cold region is backward compared with other villages and towns in our country.It is very important to research on the planning of the pension models and facilities for the elders for villages and towns in the severe cold region.This paper takes the theories and practices related to the pension model and old-age facilities in urban and rural areas at home and abroad as a reference basis.Firstly,it analyzes the experience and the deficiency of the present research and summarises the features and needs of the elderly,the main types and methods of supplying,the way of provision of old-age facilities,the relevant norms and standards as well as the allocation methods,providing theoretical support for the follow-up survey analysis.Secondly,according to the investigation and analysis of the overall situation of pension in villages and towns in the severe cold area,and through the field investigation and questionnaires,the paper analyzes the six villages and towns in four provinces,summarizes the basic features of the villages and towns,the aging characteristics,the features of the present pension model and facilities for the elders,and analyzes the existing problems,combining the choice of the old-age way and the demand of the old-age facilities and the service.Thirdly,according to the conclusion of the research,the existing research and normative contents,in accordance with the pattern of “pension model-the facility configuration-the facility layout”.In the model system,it proposes “3+X” pension model and the suitability of the ratio,in the system of facilities,undertaking the old-age model,it forms the category system with the characteristics of the villages and towns in the severe cold region,and according to the administrative levels,the population size and other factors,it forms the facilities classification.As to the deficiency of the existing norms,it analyzes the scale and index of the allocation of domestic and foreign pension facilities,by means of normative and analogy ration method.Then the whole system of facilities is formed.In the aspect of layout,combining the space distribution characteristics of the villages and towns in the severe cold area with the layout requirements of each type of elderly facilities,the layout of the system contents including the site selection principles,the ways of facility combinations and the layout mode are put forward.Finally,the paper puts forward the targeted planning strategies for each mode and facility planning.Planning the pension model and the elderly facilities in villages and towns in the severe cold area,is not only to pay attention to its applicability in rural areas,but also to closely integrate with the unique characteristics of the production and living habbits of the elderly and their desire,so as to keep the planning human-orientated.It is not only to ensure the planning of pension model and the facilities rational,but also to consider its management and operation issues,so as to ensure benign development.Finally,this paper puts forward the allocation system and layout mode of the elderly facilities with the characteristics of severe cold regions,and puts forward the comprehensive ensuring strategies related to the operation to promote the long-term development of the elderly facilities.