Study On Urban Spatial Morphology Evolution Of Kaifeng Based On GIS And Space Syntax

Kaifeng,one of the Eight Ancient Capitals, one of the first batch of 24 National Historical and Cultural City, is an important city in the history of our country and has abundant historical cultureaccumulation. At present, because Kaifeng is important city of Central Plains Economic Zone and the Zheng-Bian urban area, Kaifeng's urban space is espanding rapidly and the morphological isevoluting intensly. But it also brings a series of problems such as lack of vitality in old urban area,the disorder city space expandsion, and traffic congestion and so on. The quality of the urbanspace morphology affects the sustainable development of the city directly. Therefore, it isnecessary to study on urban space morphology evolution, so as to clarify the problems existed inthe development of urban space morphology, tease out the urban development context, grasp theregular of evolution and driving mechanism, and provide countermeasures and suggestions for theoptimization of urban space morphology.This paper takes Kaifeng city as the research object based on the integration of GIS and space syntax, and makes the city land-use and street network as the breakthrough point to quantitative analysis the evolution of Kaifeng city space morphology from 1912 to 2015. In this paper, we try our best to track characteristics and evolution of Kaifeng city space morphology, and summarize the basic law and the mechanism behind the evolution of Kaifeng city space morphology. Finally, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for how to solve the problems when we facing the development of city space form. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:1) The characteristics of the evolution of city space morphology:(1) The complete process space extension of Kaifeng city can be divided into several obvious stages,and the expansionstages experienced two troughs(1949~1965 and 1990~2015)and two peak(1912~1948 and 1966~1989).(2) At the different stages of development, the city space expansion has obvious anisotropic characteristics. Since 1948, the urban space expansion is mainly to the south of the city, the expansion of the urban space turn to the east in 1948~1992, and then turn to the west in 1993~2015.(3) The compactness of Kaifeng city is gradually lower with the expansion of the scale of the city, and the shape of the city becomes more and more gradually.(4) The fractal characteristics of urban morphology of Kaifeng began to appear in 1939, but the overall level of fractal dimension is relatively low,and the overall stability of urban morphology is very poor, urban land space is not balanced.2) The characteristics of the urban internal spatial structure are as follows:(1) The central area of the Kaifeng city before 1948 is from north to south in the mountain, Jiefang Road, east to East Main Street, Xu Fu Street, a free enclosed streets and roads in the area, after the liberation to the reform and opening up, the central region extends to east Gongyuan Road, new Road Song and Bian Road area, then expanded to the west after the Huangbianhe Street, the Huanghe Street, Jinming Avenue, OneAvenue, Three Avenue area.(2) The city evolved from the early old urban as the core of a single central structure to the present Bianxi New Area and Songcheng Area form the two-center structure.(3) the degree of intelligibility and synergy of the urban internal spatial structure are not high, the public's ability to perceive the overall space from the local space is poor, the spatial order is more chaotic.3) The main driving factors of urban space morphology evolution are historical development, geographical environment, politics and policy, economic development, urban planning, urban transportationandsoon. Among ofthem, the historical development and geographicalenvironment are the foundation of the urban morphology evolution, the politics and policy are the control force of urban morphology evolution, and economic development is fundamental driving force of the urban morphology evolution, urban planning is guiding force of the urban morphology evolution, urban traffic is traction force of the urban morphology evolution, they driven the evolution of the urban morphology together, in different periods, the factor intensity are different from each other.4) The rules of the urban spatial form evolution:(1) the direction of urban space development is from south to east and then west to counter clockwise rotation,which like as a "windmill";(2) the pattern of urban space development is "spillover-echo";(3) the city space development rhythm as "wave" model, the urban space expansion intensity is different at different development stages;(4) the evolution of urban space morphology of Kaifeng is carried out under the action of self-organization and hetero-organization, and the self-organization is main the role,the hetero-organization as a supplement.