An Analysis On The Evolution Of Spatial Structure Of Rural Settlement As A Whole And The Inner Structure Change In A Village

With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization,more and more people transfer from rural areas to urban areas resulted in the great change of the lifestyle and the production of farms and their settlement land use forms.This article aims at giving some good suggestions to build beautiful rural areas and balancing the development of urban and rural areas through the study of spatial structure of rural settlement areas.The Fuping county in Shaanxi Province and one village named Chakou in Fuping will be two case studies during the period of 2000-2015 on the evolution and the driving factors of spatial structure of rural settlement using the date from interpreting remote sensing image and field trip.ArcGIS spatial analysis and landscape index also be used.The results show that:(1)More than 90% of rural settlement areas in Fuping are located in lower and middle altitude regions at an altitude of 800 meters in 2015.From 2000 to2015, the plaque size grew slowly although the plaque area per average decreased from 2.44 hm2 to 1.83 hm2 while the plaque shapes became irregular. Plague areas,plague number and plague dense were increased in the lower and middle altitude region while the high region showed the opposite trend.(2)Using the natural discontinuity method,the village level system was divided into four levels. The plaque area in one or two level increased while the low level decreased.The ratio of large plaque was also increased showing that the village fragmentation and agglomeration coexisted.(3)There are three modes of the village space growth,expansion along the edge of the village, decentralized sprawl and village filled growth.The first extension ways is the major way in Fuping County of which the first one expansion along the edge of the village is dominated way. Decentralized sprawl was mainly located along highway close to village or cities and towns.Village filled growth became popular after 2009.(4)According to the kernel density value size,the village density was divided into nine levels and three categories,namely,the area of high density, medium density a and low densityFrom the status in 2015,the high density region of villages were mainly distributed in the north central part of the county,and the low density areas were mainly distributed in the northern part of the Loess Plateau and several towns in the southern of the county.High density center was basically located in the township government,and take this as a center,then gradually slow down.From the change of 2000-2015 years,the density of Fuping County increased,the maximum value of kernel density increased year by year. From the view of spatial distribution, the density distribution pattern of villages did not change,in the high and medium density region gradually increased,low density decreased, the plain of south central kernel density increased significantly,while the North tableland area density decreased significantly.(5)The farmland was occupied by the extension and expansion of 90% villages in Fuping county,also the extension and expansion was lacking of unified planning,and fragmentation.(6)The expansion of Chakou village as the same as Fuping county while the form was different.The plane expansion also occurred mainly in 2000-2009 years,along the road on the eastern side distribution,across the road and next to the original village.Under the influence of the New District of Tongchuan,the villagers loved near around the city,so built new homestead along national highway of 210,away from the original village more than 1 kilometer.While the internal filling type grew with the number of layers increased,from Chakou to zhaojia,then to Mijia.The village have five house type, the cave dwelling,the "half cover" type of civil structure,the "half cover" type of brick and wood structure.the cottage type of prefabricated roof and the type of a layer or two layer flat roof with cement or ceramic tile outer surface.(7)The survey shows that,its public service space had been compressed.Its commercial activity space shifted outward..The life space environment was better with the house and water,but there are still many problems of household heating,toilet, drainage and village roads,parking and health. The village still had part of the abandoned homestead, need to make foll use.(8).The evolution of the spatial structure of the village is mainly affected by the topography, policy, social economy and population factors.(9)A unified planning which give a concentrated way of growth which has a low cost of infrastructure and service facilities were needed for the village's healthy growth.Intemal the village more infrastructure and public utilities by increasing the square,areas parking lot, ecological toilets'uses, hardening the road,and unified garbage collection,were needed to improve the environment and building the beautiful countryside.