| As an important part of teaching activities, and also an important form of ideas exchanged between teachers and students, homework is an important approach to show the teaching effect which can help students consolidate the knowledge effectively. It makes the teaching process coherent. However, teachers always pay more time and attention to the design of classroom teaching activities than homework design. There exist many unscientific and irrational problems in current homework system. For example, students have too much homework to do, but the quality of the homework is not high. Besides, the homework is designed in the same way which means the lack of hierarchy. The basic task of the biology curriculum is to improve the students' scientific literacy.Students' ages, basic knowledge, ways of thinking, and the learning methods are so different that traditional teaching pattern of "one size fits all" obviously can not achieve the goal of all-round development. To make students develop comprehensively and individually, teachers should teach them based on their aptitude and homework should be designed "to each according to his need". Hierarchical homework refers to the structure of homework is optimized elastically, stratifying students according to their learning levels, so that students of varying degrees can increase on their own levels. It is a kind of homework that is different from traditional types, which is designed uniformly,and pays attention to the students' individual differences.Guided by such theories as Vygotsky's “The zone of proximal development” theory,and Benjamin S·Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational objectives, the writer carried out a study on the current Biology homework design in junior middle schools with methods of observation, interview, questionnaire survey and case analysis. A hierarchical operation system with principle,manner,sorts and evaluation standard were analyzed from hierarchical theory angle. This research also combed the theories and practices of domestic and foreign scholars and put hierarchical homework design into practice.Also,this research investigated the present condition of homework design, arrangement and accomplishment in biology teaching.Besides, this research analyzed severalteaching cases of hierarchical Biology homework design.Through a semester of practical research, the discoveries are as follow:(1)hierarchical Biology homework design makes it possible that all students of different levels improve on their own levels. It is helpful to strengthen students' successful experience in the process of doing homework, so they prefer the hierarchical Biology homework.(2) This kind of homework design can improve students' enthusiasm and their attitude toward homework. This method can effectively improve students' performance which can be shown through analyzing the results of two examinations.(3)It can help students enhance the consciousness of independent learning.(4)Hierarchical homework design needs to invest a lot of time and energy, which greatly increase teachers' burden. Moreover, it may hurt students' self-esteem. This research focuses on offering some suggestions on hierarchical Biology homework design from theoretical and practical aspects to make homework play a better role. |
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