A Study On American Government Responsibility Of The Compulsory Education And The Enlightenment To China

For a long time,there are regional,urban and rural,interscholasticimbalance development in the compulsory education of China.One of the cause is,the lack of government responsibility.In 2006,in order to reduce the pressure of rural compulsory education,the state council issued a policy " deepening the reform of rural compulsory education funds safeguard mechanism "(referred to "the newmechanism").The notice require to implement the central and local share of compulsory education investment.With the implementation of the "newmechanism",the investment of the central and provincial government increase gradually,the compulsory education financial investment is growing rapidly.But the provincial government's overall responsibility does not reach the designated position,the responsibility of the government at the county leveldecreases.The existence of these problems is not conducive to the further development of compulsory education in our country.In contrast,the United States government entities at all levels responsible for compulsory education has a long history,their responsibility is clear,the proportion of the burden is relatively reasonable.Therefore,in this article,through studying the A m e r i c a n governments at all levelsfor the implementation of the compulsory education responsibility,we canlearn some desirable experience so as to promote the further development of compulsory education in our country.In this paper,using the theory of public goods,externalities theory,fair theory,capital market information asymmetry theory and the theory of fiscal decentralization,I think that the product attribute of compulsory education is a kind of quasi-public goods,the government has the responsibility to provide the public with compulsory education,and government at all levels should also be responsible for compulsory education development,using local information advantage and competition mechanism,to improve the supply efficiency of compulsory education service better.In this paper,the government in compulsory education responsibility are mainly the investment responsibility and management responsibility.By studying the present situation of compulsory education government investment in the United States,this paper has the following findings:(1)The history of the development of compulsory education in the United States has been more than 200 years,the governments at all levels gradually formed the current specific responsibility division structurein accordance with the requirements of era,such as economy,social development.Local autonomy is the specical character in USA.(2)The federal government in the development of compulsory education has the following main functions: perfectingthelaw of the compulsory education development;Increasing the compulsory education finance expenditure;Through specific spending,protecting the education rights and interests of vulnerable groups,and promoting the fairness of compulsory education;Contribution to strengthen school improvement and carrying out the school standardization movement,so as to improve the quality of the compulsory education comprehensively.(3)The role of the state are mainly: to enhance investment in compulsory education;Constantly adjusting the general funding model,to achieve relatively balanced compulsory education;Executing a variety of special spending projects,to ensure compulsory education rights and interests of the vulnerable groups.(4)The local government in the compulsory education is mainly responsible for the capital contribution of the compulsory education funds,buteasily affected by the economic cycle fluctuation and responsible for the operation of the school management,improving the use efficiency of compulsory education funds.According to our country compulsory education responsibility subject classification and the experience of American education at all levels,this paper puts forward the following improvement suggestions for the development of compulsory education :(1)Perfecting the laws and regulations of compulsory education.(2)Enhancing the capacity of the central and provincial government.(3)Changing assessment mechanismof the government at the county level,so as to ensure the responsibility of the government at the county level.(4)Through special expenditure,increasing additional funding for the vulnerable groups of the compulsory education of special needs.(5)Gradually implementing compulsory education from fair development to quality improvement.