Study On The Correlation Between The Exercises In High School Chemistry Textbook And The Questions Of Examination ? For The New Corriculum

With the development of the new round of curriculum amendment(NRCA)in China,the National College Entrance Examination(NCEE)becomes the focus of the whole society increasingly.Under these circumstances,the schools and teachers tend to improve their popularities,and the students will definitely make their efforts to pursue their own “dream universities”,which drives them as a whole to put plenty of time and energy on exercising.The exercises are known to be a significant segment of teaching to test the understanding of students about the textbook knowledge,and it is also an important way to guarantee the students' performance during NCEE.In reality,there are too many options of exercise materials to choose from,including exercise books,papers,model tests from different provinces and even questions from Olympic competitions.However,the exercises in our textbooks are always underestimated and ignored.Noticeably,compared with the previous textbooks,there exists lots of obvious improvements in the textbooks of NRCA,in which the proportion of open exercises and experiment exercises increases.Nevertheless,large amount of teachers still argue that these exercises are not enough and difficult enough and are divorced from the NCEE.Therefore,they discard the exercises in NRCA textbook and are in favor of the reference books with large amount of difficult questions.In fact,the quality of these books is still questionable.Consequently,three crucial questions arise nowadays that are “what is the relationship between textbook exercise and NCEE questions”,“how to utilize the textbook exercises” and “how to compile these exercises in textbooks”.To answer the aforementioned questions,this paper is accomplished which is based on cognitive structure migration theory,example teaching theory and the survey on the usage of NRCA textbook exercises.The research can be divided into three parts as follows:Firstly,after comparison andanalysis between the questions of comprehensive science exam II in NCEE and new corresponding syllabus in four years from 2013 to 2016,eleven high frequency key points are abstracted which are listed as follows: 1)the influence of external conditions on the chemical equilibrium shift;2)chemical substances identification;3)separation and purification;4)common inorganics and their application;5)prediction of experiment results and data processing;6)chemical equations and ionic equations;7)application and instruction of chemical instruments;8)the principle of voltaic and electrolytic cells;9)equilibrium constant K and its calculation;10)law of Hess;11)isomers(very high frequency).By our comparison,it is found that every key point has its own counterpart in the NRCA textbook exercises.Secondly,with further analysis and summarization on these key points,it can be seen that the most frequently-tested questions are all about “basic concept and basic principle of chemistry”,which is the most priority for both teaching and examination.The secondary test area is “chemistry experiment”,because chemistry is an experiment-based science.The third frequently-tested area is about the application of organics and inorganics.The last one is on“scientific feature of chemistry and basic research methodology”,including“chemical structures and properties” and “principle of organic reaction”,which all can be commonly seen in previous NCEE questions.As for compulsory and selective courses in high school,the selective course 4 has a large proportion,which includes three aforementioned key points namely chemical reaction rate,the influence of external conditions on the chemical equilibrium shift and the principle of voltaic and electrolytic cells.These three key points always occur in the NCEE as(single or multiple)choice questions or high-score questions.Therefore,the chemistry section of NCEE is a comprehensive test that mainly concentrates on experiment and secondarily focus on the knowledge of chemical compounds.Lastly,from the research on the frequency of key points' occurrence in NCEE and analysis of typical sample test,it can be found that the occurrence number of key point 1-4 are the top four among all of the eleven points.Andsome questions related to these four key points in the real NCEE test paper are fairly similar to their original one in the NRCA textbook or exactly the same one.Key point about the formulation and properties of organics often occur in the form of(single or multiple)choice questions,which accounts for a large proportion of scores even though it does not have a large quantity.Contrast to them,the questions about key point 5,6 and 8 in NCEE are less related to the textbook exercises and always largely transformed.Although some hints are always added to these questions,the solid foundations,ability of information analysis and comprehensive mastery and application of knowledge from different sections are always required for examinees to deal with such problems.Based on the results above,suggestions are given in two aspects namely the exercise compilation and teaching.As for the exercise compilation,it is suggested that more attentions should be paid on the areas of background,hierarchical design,objective design,quantity,difficulty and functions of exercises and experiment-based exercises.As for the aspect of teaching,it is suggested that teachers should take textbook exercises more seriously,especially sections of organic and inorganic compounds(compulsory)and chemical structures,because textbook exercises are highly related to the NCEE in these sections.Furthermore,it is expected that lecturers can try to adapt the textbook exercises to their own schools' situation,which can make the exercises more thought-provoking and close to the NCEE reality.Lastly,hopefully the teachers can grasp essence of examination syllabus,such as“what will be tested” and “how deep it will be tested”.This will not only improve the efficiency of teaching,but also alleviate the pressure of our students.The shortcoming of the proposed research is also illustrated,which is expected to inspire researchers to further study this topic.