Effect Of Aerobic Exercise Of Diet-induced Obese C57BL/6 Mother On The Immune Function Of The F1 Generation

Background: It is the independent factor to cause cardiovascular disease,diabetes and other chronic diseases due to abnormal immune responses in obese people,about which has been more concerned in the global.Although many reports have been done about how to control obese in overweight and obesity patients in the past several years,it is still a very serious social problems because of the increase of obesity.To improve the health condition,the healthy physical exercise is being widely promoted by government in our ountry.In the combination of medicine and sport,sports have been also widely accepted and used as an intervention to prevent and treat diseases.Although obesity largely depends on the genetic,the microenvironment of uterus during pregnancy influence the growth and development of the offspring.Studies have shown that obese pregnancies are more susceptible to obesity-related metabolic diseases than those with normal weight,which are closely related to obesity and metabolic outcomes in the offspring(F1).Appropriate aerobic exercise in a certain extent,can improve the health in the pregnant women,change the outcome of adverse pregnancy,and reduce the risk of future generations who suffer from metabolic diseases.However,whether aerobic exercise during obese pregnant women affects the immune responses of their offspring is not cleared,and the underlying mechanisms need to be studied.Objective: This study is to provide the theoretical basis and build a bridge between Exercise and Immunology.Experimental methods: After the mother mice were induced to obesity by high fat diet,they were randomly divided into 6 groups:low-fat diet exercise group(LL-E);low-fat diet non-exercise group(LL-NE);high-fat diet exercise group(HH-E);high-fat diet non-exercise group(HH-NE);high-fat diet changed into low-fat diet exercise group(HL-E);high-fat diet changed into low-fat diet non-exercise group(HL-NE).Each group had 16 mice.They did swimming exercise without weight bearing during the pregnancy.The swimming protocol was: 30 minutes swimming exercise in certain time per day,five times a week;on day 3 before postnatal,to stop the exercise.AfterF1 mice was infected with influenza A(H1N1)virus by intranasal administration on the first day after weaning,we recorded their weight body and killed these mice on day 7 post-infection.We then collected the samples to make the correlation analysis:1.Using the mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BAL)to determine the number of the inflammatory cells in BALby flow cytometry(FCM).2.Measuring the levels of inflammatory cytokines: IL-1?,IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-? in alveolar lavage fluid using ELISA.3.Using the lung tissue to measure the lung virus load.4.Using the spleen cells to detect the distribution of immune cell subsets and stimulate T cells with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies to determine T cell proliferation and determine t by flow cytometry.Results: 1.There was significant difference in body weight between the two groups(P <0.05).Compared to LF group,the mice in all HF group has higher blood levels of glucose in glucose tolerance test and higher plasma levels of insulin(P <0.05).These data indicated that high fat diet induced an obese model which will be applied to the following experiments.2.The weight body decreased after all the generation of F1 mice from the different treatment with exercise were infected with influenza A H1N1 virus.No statistical difference was found in the comparison among all the groups(P> 0.05).In addition,we did not find the difference for lung virus load on day 7 in all F1 mice after infected with(P> 0.05).influenza A(H1N1).3.There were no significant differences between each group for the infiltrating inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokines in alveolar lavage fluid on day 7 after F1 infection(P> 0.05).Aerobic exercise intervention in maternal obese mice did not affect F1 generation's local immune response after influenza A(H1N1)infection.4.No significant differences were found in the expression of immune subpopulations from spleen between each group on day 7postinfection of the generation of F1 mice(P> 0.05).In addition,we did find the significant difference in the T lymphocyte proliferation of splenocyte between each group(P> 0.05).Aerobic exercise intervention in obese pregnant mice had no effect on the immune response of F1 which was infected influenza A(H1N1)virus.Conclusion: The intervention of aerobic swimming exercise could not affect the weight loss,infiltrating inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokines of lung,and immune cell populations and T cell proliferation of spleen from the generation of offspring whose mother were fed with different dietary post-infection with influenza A(H1N1).These data suggest that the aerobic swimming exercise of mother does not enhance or impair the immune responses which contributes to clear the virus and bacteria in the offspring life early stage after acute infection with virus or bacteria.