A Comparative Study Of High School Chemistry Experiment Between China And America

Chemistry is a natural science based on chemical experiments,which is not only the base of chemical course,but also an effective way to cultivate the students' scientific literacy.The research objects of the study are the Chinese version of Chemistry:Concepts and Application(2005 Edition),the mainstream teaching material of American high school,and the compulsory chemistry textbook for senior high school,which is published byShandong Science and Technology Pressand is influential in China.The study compares same and similar experiment cases appearing in those two textbooks and analyzes the similar writing parts of both and the compiling features of each one.The study tries to merge advantages of each textbook,apply them to teaching practice and strengthen the cultivation of students,"science literacy" and put forward some feasible suggestions to the experiment compilation and experiment education of China's textbook.This study includes six parts.The main information is presented as below:Part one is introduction which illustrates why the author chooses the thesis topic from the importance of chemical experiments and the progressive idea that the progress of American science cannot realize without chemical experiments.Based on literature study,the author compares and analyzes the relevant studies of "the comparison of chemical textbooks" and "the comparison of chemical experiments" and comprehends the history and present situation of this study topic.Part one provides the idea of the study and is the base of the study.It also formulates the basic structure for this thesis.Part two is the purpose and meaning of research,and content and method.In this part,the author identifies the comparative study of Chinese and America,and learning the advanced design idea of American material,as the research purpose;the main significance of the study is to promote the reform of the chemical experiment teaching of our country through researching the differences of the experiment between China and America,so as to provides some references for chemistry teacher to do experiment in high school;the research content is to make a comparison and analysis to the compulsory teaching materialof Shandong Science and Technology Press and "Chemistry:concepts and applications" of American materials,analyze the experimental section,and study the same experiment and similar experiment from different dimensions.This research adopts the main method of literature research,comparative research,case method,etc.Part three holistically compares the chemistry teaching materials of Chinese and America.The author analyzes the high school chemistry teaching materials between Chinese and America,compare the type and number of the experiment,and then make a contrastive analysis with the teaching objective of high school chemistry between China and America,and the type and function of the material experiment.The experimental type in America mainly involves beginning experiment,mini experiment,laboratory experiment,and family experiment,equally distributed.Among these,the proportion of laboratory experiment and miniature experiments reach 62.5%,with wide ranges of contents;the experiment types of teaching material of Shandong Science and Technology Pressmainly includes observation,thinking,activitiesexploration,experimental exploration,hands-on practice,etc.Each type of empirical distribution is not uniform,in which "observation&thinking," accounts for 50%,thus the teaching materials still focus on the demonstration experiment,the proportion of"activities&exploration" reach 38%and dramatically increased,which is also the highlight of the teaching material of Shandong Science and Technology Pressand different from the other teaching materials.Part fourmainly aimed at making a comparative and demonstrative research for the same and similar experiment of high school chemistry teaching material in China and America,such as the galvanic cell experiment:the materials of Shandong Science and Technology Pressdesign the"activities&exploration",inserting the sheet of copper and zinc into dilute sulfuric acid.This is a typical experiment,without interesting;America textbooks design a miniature experiments,taking lemons as the electrolyte solution,to greatly arise the curiosity of students.Another example is flame reaction:the materials of Shandong Science and Technology Pressdesign activities of "supporting knowledge",to provide help for students to study the activities,without experiment;while the American materials design an experiment and list the specific experimental steps,which method is simple and easy to operate.Through the comparison,the author finds thatpresenting forms of the same experiment and similar experiment have some differences in the teaching materials of China and America,and the same knowledge adopts the different treatment in different teaching materialPart five mainly talks about the reform of the American materials with Chinese character.On the basis of the contrastive analysis of Chinese and American experiment,the author chooses four types experiments in the American materials to make a reform with Chinese character,in hope that the high school teachers to learn from it.The innovation of this study mainly involves:combining the character of Chinese experiment and American experiment when people carry out the reform with Chinese character,and adopting the design mode of experiment from the materials of Shandong Science and Technology Press.The last part is conclusion and prospect.The arrangement of American materials pay more attention to the experiment,make full use of thins that the students are familiar with,deepen student's understanding of knowledge,and improve students ability to comprehend the nature of the materials through the comparative analysis.The experiment arrangement of Chinese materials increase efforts to study experiment,fully understand the basic knowledge,ideas and methods,and the STS education,reflecting the independent,investigative and cooperative learning method.Learning the advantages of the American experiment,and combining with the actual situation of local school conditions and students,to properly upgrade the experiment in teaching materials.The author believe that it is necessary to carry out the practical experiment to teach students in daily teaching so as to effectively improve student's scientific attainment.