The Current Situation And Problems Of Special Strength Training For Long Jump In China

The contemporary international competing athletes' levels are more and more close,which leads competitions become much fiercer and athletes' performances are more towards human movement limit.Therefore,the scientification,individualization,specialization,and high efficiency of sports training have become necessary to cultivate high level athletes.Through the methods of document,expert interview,questionnaire survey,and experimental testing,this research illustrates and analyzes the relationship between the general strength and the special strength.Besides,it surveys the distinction ways and methods between them made by the high level long jump coaches in the forefront,the arrangement of long jump special strength training,the means and methods of common strength training,and the limit factors for the athletic level improvement of long jump in China.In addition,based on the above points,the research chooses the long jump group from the high level sports team in Zhejiang University,carries out one-year training practice.In these ways,we can initially get the following conclusions:(1)Special strength is based on general strength.The specialization of strength training is the necessary trend to cultivate the high level athletes.This specialization level is one of important factors to ensure the efficiency of high level long jump training.However,in the specific training practice,the distinction between general strength training and special strength training can't be separated from the individual characteristics of athletes,and the basic level of physical training.If the same strength training means adopt the different training methods,it will have a different effect on the athletes' special training.(2)At present,the high level long jump coaches attach great importance to their special strength training.However,in the training practice,because of the lack in the research and application of special strength training in our country,the simplification phenomenon of distinguishing general strength training and special strength training exists among our country long jump coaches.This is one of the important factors restricting the obtainment of training efficiency.(3)The distinction between the general strength training and the special strength training should be considered comprehensively,based on the following eight factors:the way of special movement,the similar degree of special technology structure,the practice sequence of special muscle,the form of special muscle contraction,the support way of special movement,the number of muscle groups raised by special movement,the way of control muscles through nerve,and whether improve the individual special grade or not.(4)In the annual training arrangement for our country long jump coaches,the strength training arrangement generally conforms to the training principle,but the proportion of special strength training in the whole annual training is less.(The special strength training accounts for 19%of the total annual training).(5)According to the basic training level and the specific physical ability level of athletes,the effective ways to improve the athlete special grade are to diagnose the main part of restricting the athlete development,to select specifically the means and methods for the specific strength training.