Research On The Unbalanced Bidding Strategy In The Engineering Bidding

Since 2003 the implementation of the valuation mode of bills of quantities, project valuation has turned from the traditional quotas guidance into a competitive, independent bid. The strategy of unbalanced bidding comes out after the valuation mode of bills of quantities. Especially these years, in the fierce competitive environment the construction enterprise profit rate is very low and the unbalanced bidding strategy for its good concealment, high post-earnings, various of operation techniques characteristics, is adopted by more and more construction enterprises. In 2013, the national summed up the experience of the implementation of bills of quantities of the decade, launched the "Code of bill of quantities and valuation for construction works"(GB50500-2013) (hereinafter referred to as "the bills of 13 standard"). "The bills of 13 standard" made new regulations for the adjustment of price and quantities. The strategy of unbalanced bidding appeared a lot of new problems in the new bills standard. This article is in this context, for a lot of new study on the strategy of unbalanced bidding.First of all, in summarizes the domestic and foreign literature about unbalanced bidding of theory research, this paper redefines the concept of unbalanced bidding:unbalanced bidding is a kind of price strategy, through the code of valuation and the tender documents for the study, analysis of the favorable opportunity; prediction of other bidders bidding strategy to determine a reasonable price, build competitive advantage; maintain the price unchanged, according to identify opportunities for appropriate adjustments to the all-in unit rate of work sections and trades; risk control measures, in order to obtain more ideal economic benefits after winning the bidding.Secondly, the unbalanced bidding opportunity recognition, the unbalanced bidding price determination, the unbalanced bidding unit price adjustment, the unbalanced bidding risk control, as a whole strategy of unbalanced bidding is proposed, and the four processes are linked together organically, to solve the previous be separated, not systematic problem.Thirdly, this paper argues that the contractor should take the initiative to find unbalanced bidding opportunity, based on the 2013 new bills standard, to recognize the opportunity to unbalanced bidding decision-making process, and the use of the opportunity value evaluation method of Jinfu Huang proposed, the quantitative analysis and evaluation on the unbalanced bidding opportunity value.Fourthly, in the unbalanced bidding price determination process, taking into account other bidders bidding strategy, the use of incomplete information static game Bayesian equilibrium theory, gives a calculation model for unbalanced quoted price, and then according to the central limit theorem, sample, parameter estimation theory for the first time a method is given to determine the cost of distribution function.Fifthly, The fifth. In this paper, we define the bidders offer preferential rate, with unbalanced price equilibrium, bidding control price as a base to determine the equilibrium price of each sub part of the project of comprehensive unit price; on balance offer comprehensive unit price based, using linear programming theory, determine the price adjustment model by the sub part of the project.Sixthly, The whole process of the unbalanced bidding strategy is illustrated with the case, and the method of solving the model is also demonstrated, making the theory more operable..Seventhly, aiming at the unbalanced bidding decision process, this paper use the method of flow chart analysis of the unbalanced bidding of the risk factors of each stage. Then, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, risk factors of unbalanced bidding is evaluated. According to the weights of the risk factors, the unbalanced bidding risk factors are divided into A, B, C three. The conclusion is that the main risk, unbalanced bidding:engineering quantity forecast risk, price risk, adjust the scope of engineering change risk prediction. According to the different types of risk, the risk response measures are given.