| Since the year of 2013,the economy of Liaoning province has continued downward.The excess capacity of most industries results in quite a number of employees' laid-off or furlough,some others facing the threat of laid-off.Starting with the excess-capacity issues,the article firstly provides a general description of the definition,measure method and the major types of the excess capacity situation.The analysis on the production capacity of Liaoning province shows that:(a)The excess capacity currently exists in 36 industries out of 41 in Liaoning province with various degrees.(b)The problem of excess capacity is concentrating on the metallurgy industry,coal industry and equipment manufacturing industry.(c)Most of the excess capacity enterprises are state-owned enterprises.(d)The excess capacity in Liaoning province was not only in traditional industries,but also in emerging industries.In the second part,this article makes the quantitative analysis on the relativity of economic growth and employment in nation and Liaoning province.The findings suggest that there is a certain but not too close connection between economic growth and employment.However,more complicated situation is that the relativity is different between the economic growth and the sub-industries.In primary industries the employment ratio declines,while in tertiary industries it increases.In secondary industries,the employment fluctuation resonates with the economic growth fluctuation.Furthermore,the article analyzes the urban and rural employment evolution tendency in Liaoning province.The finding shows that the population of the urban and rural transfers to the tertiary industries and the employment decreases in traditional services industries in tertiary industries in Liaoning province.In addition,the employment in secondary industries has the following features:firstly,metallurgy industry and equipment manufacturing industry are the major parts of the employment and the state-owned enterprises are dominant in this group.Secondly,the account of the employees concerning excess capacity industries comes to three million or more,which is more than 90%of industrial enterprises above scale staff.Thirdly,the obvious cyclical features suggests that many employees would face the threat of laid-off in this round of excess capacity crisis.This part also makes a preliminary analysis on the cause of overcapacity and the surplus of workers.As of the first half of 2016 has been laid off about 25000 workers in industries with excess capacity.Now The number of employees who are currently on duty but rests is estimated to be about 750,000 at the lowest rate of 25%.In other words,the current overcapacity industry in Liaoning Province has been laid off,but the surplus of workers in the post more than one millionIn the third part,this article provides a summary of the solutions by Germany,France and UK in dealing with the excess capacity problems.There are four things in common with the industry transformation for the three countries:(a)It takes long term to complete the transformation of traditional industrial bases,almost over 40 years,even some of them are still in this process,(b)Most of the traditional industries solved the excess capacity by means of mergers and acquisitions in the transformation,(c)The tertiary industries developed more rapidly,becoming the supports of the traditional industrial bases and main providers for employment,(d)With less and less population in traditional industrial bases,the outward migration becomes obvious.By doing comparative studies on the laws,policies and specific measures during the economic transformation process of the three countries,we conclude some common points:(a)Improving employment is the central job of any government,(b)Laws enforcement and amendment helps to improve employment,(c)Seeking balance between providing assistance and forcing re-employment tries to achieve both fairness and efficiency,(d)Specialized guidance should help different groups in getting re-employment,(e)Carrying out the long term or short term trainings regarding on-job,shift-job and off-job in the country-wide institutions,either state-run or market-oriented,(f)Those enterprises that provide re-employment to laid-offs should be subsidized;those that get less workers off-job should receive corresponding "securing post subsidizes".The last part of this article gives some advice on policies of employment improvement in Liaoning province,mainly including:(a)Innovating the idea of employment improvement,namely sharing,dignity,and creative minds.(b)Perfecting the mechanism of employment improvement,building multi-level employment status monitoring system,establishing the mechanism to secure the relocation of redundant workers and perfecting the policy measures of such relocations.(c)Establishing the mechanism of employment improvement,encouraging enterprise positivity,such as internal retirement,labor contract cancellation according to laws and regulation and employees' self-employed.(d)Establishing the assistance mechanism to help redundant workers,providing public-welfare-oriented jobs,establishing and perfecting re-employment trainings institutions and system,intensifying the social assistance to the people who has difficult in re-employment,as well as developing a mechanism that closely coordinates with the social security welfare system. |
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