| Tea trees are widely distributed in China,the culture of tea have a long history,tea seed is the fruit of tea trees which have a huge annual production.Fat and tea saponin are rich in tea seeds,tea seed oil is high-grade edible oil as same as camellia oleifera.The shortage of edible oil is the current situation in China,the rational development of tea seed has great economic significance and strategic significance.According to the dissolution characteristics of tea oil and tea saponins in n-hexane-ethanol solution,the effects of two different n-hexane-ethanol biphasic systems on tea seed oil and tea saponin were studied,refining and purification experiments of tea seed oil and tea saponin from the tea seed,the dissertation study covers the following topics:(1)Study the extraction technology of tea seed oil and tea saponin extracted by a system of hexane and ethanol solution from tea seed.According to single factor and orthogonal experiment results,obtained the favorable condition is leaching for 60 min at 50? with 1:5ratio of solvent to tea seed material,70% of ethanol concentration,1:2 ratio of ethanol to hexane,the extraction rate of tea seed oil and tea saponin reached 77.42% and 43.53%.The extraction rate of tea seed oil and tea saponin is not so high,the oil had deep proposed color and impurities,need external force forced convection to be able to extract the product,so it is necessary to improve the experimental system to get higher extraction rate and product quality.(2)Study the extraction technology of tea seed oil and tea saponin and protein obtained by extracting the two-phase system of tea seed pulp by n-hexane-anhydrous ethanol.According to single factor and orthogonal experiment results,obtained the favorable condition is soaking tea seed for 24 h,extracting for 0.5min at 30? with 1:1:1 ratio of solvent to tea seed pulp to ethanol to hexane,extracting twice,the extraction rate of tea seed oil and tea saponin and protein reached 95.63% and 52.94% and 48.23%.This method using simple experimental equipment with a simple operation,the time of the slurry phase separation was within 1 min which greatly reducing the cost of time,do not need to add additional force to force the convection and diffusion,reducing the production of energy consumption;proposed more material within one time.And the process has high extraction rate of tea seed oil which with clearer and low acid value.The optimum process system of n-hexane-water-ethanoltwo-phase system was selected as the n-hexan-anhydrous ethanol extraction.(3)Study the refining experiment tea seed oil,the fatty acid components and several important physical and chemical measurements were detected in different proceduce.The optimum condition for alkali refining method of tea seed oil deacidification with the temperature at 60? for 15 min,and the concentration of 11% caustic soda and 0.20% extra caustic soda;alkali refining tea seed oil have lighter color,acid value is reduced to0.37mg(KOH)/g.The optimum conditon for decolorization of alkali refining tea seed oil with the temperature at 60? for 30 min,activated charcoal: activated clay is 2:1,the dosage of decolorizer 5%,the decolorization rate of tea seed oil reached 66.81%,the color decolorized tea seed oil is clear and transparent.(4)An aqueous two-phase system based on ammonium/propanol sulfate was used in separation and purification of tea saponin process.The optimum separation extraction conditions with the temperature at 30? for 20 min,ammonium sulfate concentration 21%,propanol concentration 24%,and pH 7 adjustment.Under the optimal conditions,the content reached 77.12%.The purified sample was subjected to an infrared test,infrared spectrum showed the sample and standard characteristic absorption peaks were basically identical which judged that sample contained tea saponin. |
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