Aristotle's Thought Of Fair Ethics And Its Realistic Value

Aristotle's theory of Justice as a inclusive virtue is the first virtue as generosity,which including courage, temperance, wisdom, and so on,it plays an important role in Aristotle's entire theoretical system. But the modern sense of justice is more than a machine tool of balancing the interests of the nation, the relative related to the degree of personal conduct is released, virtue is gradually being replaced by the word morality. And the beginning of morality is a contract moral type of utilitarianism, which is for the common good of humanity that everyone had to make concessions. This paper demonstrates the reason for the return to Aristotle's justice as the Virtue in four aspects.First of all, is the historical origin of Aristotle's theory of justice, including the historical background and theoretical basis of Aristotle's theory of justice. The historical background mainly include the unique geographical environment of the ancient Greek which make the unique political characteristics and the the location which adjacent to the cradle of the ancient. And in terms of theoretical basis, main include the virtue of the hero in the mythology of Greek-- the dimension of justice of Aristotle's theory of justice is connect to the tradition of the Greece civilization;the tradition of the natural law of Athens--from the natural idea of the Milesian school,Aristotle combine the natural justice with the appointed justice,and including human's intellectual virtues;Socrate's " virtue is knowledge"-- Aristotle innovated along with Socrates,that virtue would be divided into intellectual virtue and moral virtue, makes the morality virtue approach to the golden mean of practice,the intellectual virtue identify the authenticity of knowledge;--Aristotle trying to get rid of the influence of Plato's idea of justice throughout his life,but in the end,he came on the same path with Plato, it can be proved by the status of his justice theory through his ethical system, and Aristotle stipulated the Vita contemplativa rather than political life for the best life also prove that.Next, it is the summarize of the contents and characteristics of Aristotle's theory of justice. The contents of Aristotle's theory of justice is divided into three aspects in this article : one is the general justice and specific justice; the second is political justice and analogy sense of justice; the third is natural justice and the promissory justice. Then, by comparing Aristotle's theory of justice with other genres of justice,this article summarized the characteristics of Aristotle's theory of justice: Aristotle's justice is done by intention and choice and belong with the feelings of happiness, and utilitarianism judged the fairness by the standard which expressed as "the biggest happiness of the most people",view the justice as a means that can increase happiness, view the common happiness as the ultimate purpose of the life; compared with contract theory, the golden mean character of Aristotle's theory of justice--it mainly reflects in the distributive justice,the fair is not let one get too much,the other get too little,this is the superiority over the contract theory which argue that fair to everybody,but only pursuit the results also cause new inequality,the golden mean lost its space;compared with the justice concept of utilitarianism and Kant's deontology,the feature that justice related to individual and others-- whether Bentham or Mill, their definition of common happiness is based on personal interests,they abstracted the common happiness as advocating personal interest,what was called “delicate egoism”; Kant built a bridge between the social and personal,what Professor Huang called “ungesellige Geselligkeit”;Compared with contract theory and rawls' System theory of justice,the moral qualities of Aristotle's theory of justice--the contract theory of Hobbes fixed the Aristotle's "law" into a pure external contract, make it lose the meaning of the inner quality of a human; and Rawls limited justice to the system, leave the primary meaning of justice to the state machine, and reduce the value of the justice as a personal virtue.Thirdly, is the appraise to Aristotle's theory of justice, including the historical value and limitations of Aristotle's theory of justice.the historical evaluation focuses on the theoretical value of the idea of Thomas?Aquinas and McIntyre,and the realistic value of Aristotle's theory which called the“ Rule of law”. And historical limitations, is his position of the slave owners and his theory of elitism, this article shows its limitations but at the same time, try to defend for its elitism, excavate its positive significance.Finally, is the reality enlightenment of Aristotle's theory of justice. Including the relationship between morality and happiness which enlightened from Aristotle's “act justly”;the modern Conception of Equality which enlightened from Aristotle's distributive justice;the relationship between oneself and others which enlightened from moral feature of Aristotle's justice theory;what we can do in a society of human relationship which enlightened from the relation between justice and friendship.The purpose of this article is that, in the background what principles of justice and fairness as external specification in the modern society, the backtracking on implication of Aristotle Virtue of Justice provide ideas to solve the current problems of social injustice.