Research On The Frontier Words In The Late Qing Dynasty

The frontier fortress CI is a relatively common theme of CI since it was born. It experienced many creation peaks in the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty,the Southern Song Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. As the last creation peak of the frontier fortress Cl,the late Qing Dynasty appeared new breakthroughs in the contents of subjects,thoughts and emotions,and artistic characteristics.The reasons why the frontier fortress CI can reach the last peak in the late Qing Dynasty have deep relationships with the changing society of the Qing Dynasty .The changes were so deep and broad which had not met in thousands of years. With the expand of the frontier fortress in Qing Dynasty,the crisis they faced were more serious than before.The policies which the Qing Government used to solve the problems did not achieve good results but aggravated the happening of the crisis, such as Jimi system,changeable attitudes between fight or placate,paying attention to the inside and vicinity, and looking down on the without and distance.Moreover, the political participation consciousness and the attention to the frontier fortress of CI writers in the late Qing Dynasty were much stronger in comparison with counterparts in other dynasties.These were all the real backgrounds of the development of the frontier fortress CI in the late Qing Dynasty.In the CI-poetics,the respect to CI,the development of the Changzhou CI school and the rise of atmosphere of Jiaxuan laid the foundation for the development of the frontier fortress CI of the late Qing Dynasty.The frontier fortress CI of the late Qing Dynasty has its unique achievements in comparison with that of other dynasties. First comes the expansion and transformation of its scope - both the frontier fortress CI of the land in the north and that of the ocean in the south. And the focus of writing changed from the frontier fortress to inside.Second,its subject matter contents expanded. Many CI about the war appeared,some CI described the ocean view,and some of them integrated the mourn theme.Last is the sublimation of patriotism.The frontier fortress CI of the late Qing Dynasty transmitted the narrow national spirit to the real patriotism.As a whole,the frontier fortress CI of the late Qing Dynasty showed a tragic tendency in the emotion.Writers felt sad for the country,showing the worry for foreign enemy's aggression, the sorrow for broken pieces,and the grief and indignation for the disability of the government;Sometimes they felt sad for friends,expressing a deep sorrow for the death of soldiers and the separation of friends;Sometimes they felt sad for themselves, showing the difficulty of success,their ups and downs, and tragic destinies of their homes and relatives.In terms of art,the frontier fortress CI of the late Qing Dynasty has its features.First is the diversity in the option of images.It had many different images of musical instruments,wars and sceneries;Second is two ways of expressing emotions.Writers not only expressed their feelings directly,but also expressed their feelings implicitly.Last is the gradient in the artistic styles, from the intertexture of generosity and sadness in Daoguang and Xianfeng Dynasty to a depressed style in Tongzhi and Guangxu Dynasty. This shows the CI-poetics have an important influence to the writers.In a nutshell,as the last creation peak,the frontier fortress CI of the late Qing Dynasty had its unique innovations in the contents of subjects,thoughts and emotions,and artistic characteristics.In some parts,it even exceeded the predecessors.