Restoration And Reconstruction: The Land Of Turfan In The Late Qing Dynasty Was Cleared, The Land Was Reorganized, And The Agricultural Development Was Completed

A huge social unrest happened in the northwest China in late Qing dynasty,Yakoob take invasion into xinjiang,caused extremely serious destruction to the xinjiang social and economy.Not only the xinjiang's social and economic development had been hindered since in the qing dynasty,but also the system of xinjiang's economic and social was destroyed.The army of Qing have gradually recovered the north and south of Tian mountain in 1877,many measures had been token to promote economic recovery and social's reconstruction,also a lot of adjustment had been token in aspect of economy and social depended on different time.In this paper,we use the newly published "file selection of xinjiang in the Qing dynasty" as the primary data,combine with traditional historical document record in late qing dynasty to research the problem of turpan agriculture.We mainly on four aspects to understand the problem,such as clean up the farmland,tax's adjustment of the farmland,the number of farmland,the change of planting structure and so on.The first chapter,the qing government had clem up the farmland to enhance the recovery of turpan social economic order after the unrest in Tongzhi period,tries to analyze this mearsure.The farmland is the material base for agricultural,because of social's chaos,large amount of farmland had been abandoned in xinjiang,the population also scattered everywhere became homeless people.In order to promote the recovery and development of agriculture after the chaos,the large-scale activity of clean up farmland had been implemented.This activity are different from the mainland in the form of organization,operators and implement standard,it have their own characteristics,because of Turpan social are formed by much different ethnics.The agriculture developed rapidly after cleaning up the farmland.This activity is a critical step to reeatablish the order of turpan social in late qing dynasty,also it is the basis of agricultural recovery.It is necessary to study of the activity of clean up the farmland in late qing dynasty.The second chapter,the author has token comparison on the land tax policy in different time of turpan in late qing dynasty.The activity of recover the policy of farmland's tax mainly on three different historical stages,the comparison mainly on the tax project,amount and range three different aspects.this paper compares and analyzes analysis before and after the breakdown of turpan land tax policies,great changes have taken place in mainland frontier policy after the war,the turpan farmland tax system are gradually adjusted and tend to be consistent with the mainland.The third chapter,there is a recovery research on turpan farmland quantity and its changes in the late qing dynasty-Using the record of the amount of farmlan in the post-war turpan official files,the quantity of farmland in turpan had changed a lot in several years.Through the analysis of turpan's condition of nature and natural in late qing dynasty,we can concluded that quantity of turpan's farmland in the late qing dynasty is affected by both natural and social factors.The fourth chapter,making a analysis of the turpan's planting structure in late qing dynasty.In xuntong period,turpan agriculture on based of analysis the questionnaires,combined with other historical documents,to the late qing dynasty turpan hall food,economy and fruits and vegetables crops planting scale structure of healing.Combined with the background of the social and economic development of xinjiang,in late qing dynasty of turpan agricultural.The conclusion.we can draw conclusion of development of turpan's agriculture in late qing,tries to find the relation between agricultural recovery and social reestablishment with the measure in late qing dynasty.To summarizes the characteristics of agricultural development in national regions frontier,point out the development of agriculture in the frontier society played an important role in social recovery and reconstruction.At present,the academic study of the post-war recovery and development of xinjiang society in late qing dynasty,mainly concentrated on the establishment of Xinjiang province and its social reconstruction measures,or focus on the series adjustment and change of social and economic system in post-war period.These study are mainly from the viewpoint of macroscopic on the whole scope of xinjiang.The rehabilitatied measures of implementation and the adjustment of social economic system how to play a role in the social rehabilitation and r...