Study On New Deal Of Agriculture In The Late Qing Dynasty

To save rule crisis, the government began to implement the new policy in 1901.In all policies, the new Agricultural policy attracted attention. From an overall point of this article is to explore one aspect of the new agricultural policy in the Late Qing Dynasty. It is also a relatively small area of research. Based on the absorption of previous research, through a broad collection of magazines,newspapers and local information such as files, this paper was prepared to carry out a more comprehensive, integrated analysis and evaluation about the new agricultural reforms in the late Qing Dynasty. This paper first discussed that: When the new agricultural reforms implemented? How the situation of farmers was? Whether it is suitable for the new reform? Then discussed the implementation of the specific measures of the new agricultural reforms and the effects of specific measures. Finally, this article summed up the problems and the impact of the new agricultural reforms.The article thinks that at the beginning of the new agriculture policy, traditional agriculture is still dominant position. But its shortcomings more exposed. It is indeed time to implement the new and carry out agricultural reforms. Only traditional agricultural reform, it can continue to grow to meet the needs of the population and can provide adequate industrial raw materials and labor. Thoughts of modern agriculture have emerged. Agricultural modernization also made the initial development. There is a trend towards commercialization and technology. Reform is the general trend and irreversible. But then the farmers, who have gone through a campaign of sabotage in 1900, bore a lot of claims, already impoverished do, are not suitable for drastic reform similar blast showers. They cannot afford such a large scale and rapid reform. The pressure can easily make them bankrupt. So either let farmers recuperate first and then reform, or on the "Raindrops" approach slowly, piece by piece. The mainly measures about the new agricultural reform have checking land,encouraging the reclamation of wasteland, setting up agricultural cultivation company,setting up agricultural test,setting up agriculture council and agricultural schools,translating agricultural-oriented book, the purchasing of advanced tools, introducing advanced varieties and building irrigation. This paper specifically discussed the impact on their farmers and agricultural development. With the implementation of economic policies in agriculture, the Qing government strengthened the control of the rural grass-roots political power. This paper considers that the government is quite satisfied with the increase in revenue and the rural grass-roots political power that has been greatly enhanced. Government is not satisfied with the surging wave of popular revolt. Most of the new officials think that the intensive agriculture is wrong. They think that farmers are unable to bear and proposed to delay or proceed slowly. Many farmers are satisfied with many closely linked with agricultural policies, such as exploit, the construction of water conservancy projects, the popularization of new varieties, new tools, new fertilizer. They are dissatisfied with all taxes of agriculture-related or not. To them most dissatisfied with that: Why the most of these taxes falls on their body. They do not see these taxes be used directly on the farmers. They are not satisfied with the unjust and corrupt officials in the new process, thereby generating intense response. In addition, there is uneven development of the new features as well as its positive impact on the commercialization of agricultural products. At last, the new tax policies focus on the country's food tax and land tax. It is a disguised shift the burden upon the farmers themselves. In the process of the new ,some officials have really benefit farmers, but also there are some corrupt officials who take advantage of the new reform to access to wealth. It is because their presence so that the original good policy has changed shape, so the policy was flawed worse. The existence of these defects eventually led to the abortion of the new agriculture.