Study Of The Republic Of Mahabad In 1946

The Mahabad Republic,which is the performance of the Iranian Kurds struggling for autonomy and political rights in the 1940s,is also the peak of the history of Iranian Kurdish national movement.During the late Word War ?,the British and the Soviet Union occupied Iran and Reza Khan was forced into abdication,so with the help of the Soviet Union,a group of Kurdish urban intellectuals in the buffer zone between England and the Union to set up the Mahabad Republic on January 22,1946,whose capital was Mahabad.After the establishment of the Republic,Qazi Mohammad who played the central role in the leaders,actively built up democratic atmosphere and developed the economy and culture and so on,whose achievements had reached an unprecedented height in the national movement.However not for long,on December 16,1946,the Soviet Union was forced into withdraw from Iran under the pressure of the England and USA,then the Iranian troops entered into Mahabad,making an end to the life of Mahabad.The Mahabad,which is not only the challenge of the Kurds' towards Iran's central government,but also is the result of the of Iranian Kurdish nationalist movement,has the distinct nature of nationalism,so that any Kurdish nationalism movement in the history cannot reach its height.In fact,this brief political entity is the result of the cooperation of the urban intellectuals,tribal leaders as well as the political elites,who are the major force of the Kurdish society.However,in any cases these forces always clash with each other,so that any power cannot ignore the power of the other to form an independent force.It is the conflicts and contradictions of two kinds of power decides the fate of the Republic.Despite its limitations,the Mahabad Republic is a modern sense of the nationalist movement,either from the perspective of political organization or the way of leading.After the collapse of the Republic,the Kurdish nationalist movement in Iran is at a low level.After Iran's Islamic Revolution in 1979,with the core leader of the KDP,the Kurds continue to seek political rights and independence.Since the 21st century,the Iranian government take various forms to suppress any Kurdish activities and the Kurds has never stopped to struggle for autonomy and rights.This thesis consists of three parts:The first part:make a brief introduction of the Kurds and the early Kurdish movement in Iran.This part introduces the population,geography and the main tribes of the Kurds in Iran,focusing on the analysis of early Iranian Kurdish movement-Sheikh Shaikh Ubaydullah's and Simko's rebellion,making an overview of its role and influence on Kurdish nationalist movement.The second part:analysis about the international and domestic backgrounds,the process of the establishment of the Mahabad,and the operation mechanism.I focus on analyzing the international and domestic environment of Iran in 1940s,in which Reza Khan's abdication and the power vacuum made by the allied occupation is a major cause of formation of the Republic;introduce the process from JK party to the formation of the Republic;I take the aspects from the leadership power,economic foundation,the military force and the Mahabad's a series of political and economic measures which was carried out by the leaders to explore the operation mechanism of the Republic.The third part:comment on the International policy towards the republic.This thesis analyze the policies of European and American Powers-the Soviet Union,Britain and the United States,as well as the neighboring Iraq and Turkey to the Mahabad;When discuss the Soviet Union's policy towards the Kurds after occupation in Iran,I trace the Soviet Union on the Kurdish policy during the Tsarist times and 20s in the 20th century,focusing on the analysis of the Soviet Union's role in the building of the Republic;when analyze British and American policies towards the Republic,I view from the Iranian Kurds seeking support from the British and American to the Republic,and the dimension of British and American interests are analyzed;when talk about the Iraq and Turkey's policies towards the Kurds,I quote the reality of cross-border ethnic groups,considering their own interests to discuss their policy towards Iranian Kurds and their domestic Kurds.The fourth part:discussion about the collapse of the Republic,achievements,the cause of collapse,effects,property and the Iranian Kurds' nationalist development trends after the collapse.This section describes the process of the fall of the Republic and its reasons and achievements,especially analyze the Republic influence on Iran's domestic and foreign affairs and the Kurdish nationalist movement;I think there is no doubt that the Republic is a nationalist movement in a modern sense and the quality is a brief political entity,which is based on others' attitudes and conclusion.Finally,the thesis briefly discusses the nationalist movement trends in Iran after the collapse of the Republic.The conclusion part overviews the background and the limitations of the Mahabad Republic,making a summary about the status and influence of the Republic,and finally discusses about the importance of the Kurdish problems to national political security and geopolitics in the Middle East.