Core Strength And Tai Chi Exercise To Improve The Risk Of Falls Among Women In Middle-aged And Older People

Objective:Our country stepped into aging society in 1999.The aging population has more than 212 million,and is rapidly growing at an annual rate of more than 3% by the end of 2014.The degree of aging society brings a series of social problems.The fall is the first cause of death in elderly.How to improve the state of fall in elderly and what is the effective intervention is problem which needed to be solved.Exercise is an important intervention,which has aroused people's attention.But the basic research and applied research relatively lags behind,especially lacks of targeted exercise intervention model and guidelines.The study selected core strength exercise and shadowboxing.We research on exercise prescription and implementation of 12 weeks of exercise intervention.The research compares effects of two kinds of exercises in reducing fall risk in old women and provides experimental and theoretical basis.Methods:The research selects 55 to 65-year-old female in Tianjin community as object of study.We choose 24 objects by Tetrax fall risk testing system.Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: core group,who do core strength exercise for 12 weeks;The shadowboxing group.who do shadowboxing for 12 weeks.Objects have no visual impairment,centerless diseases such as cerebrovascular disease,diabetes and arthritis.They have no operation history in recent three years and don not have drugs that affect nervous system.We inform participants,and ask them to sign the informed consent.According to the physical condition and exercise basis,we formulate appropriate exercise prescription respectively.Core strength includes static and dynamic supported exercise in body weight as load and combination exercises by a variety of instruments.Shadowboxing exercises include 24 style simplified shadowboxing for 1 hour every time,three times a week,for 12 weeks.We try to clarify two exercise intervention effect about the elderly fall risk by analyzing BMI,physical quality,balance,fall risk and the average power and peak torque of muscle around knee and ankle joint.Result:1.The change of BMI before and after exerciseThe body weight,BMI,body fat,body fat percentage,trunk and double lower limbs muscle mass were significantly increased in core exercise group(p < 0.01).The trunk and double lower limbs muscle mass has increased significantly in shadowboxing group(p < 0.01).The index about body composition have no significant difference between groups.2.The change of physical quality index before and after exerciseThe choice reaction time,lower limb muscle strength,static and dynamic balance index are significantly increased in core strength group after exercise(p < 0.05).The choice reaction time,crook proneness,lower limb muscle strength and static balance index were significantly increased in shadowboxing group(p < 0.01).There was no significant difference between groups before exercise.The score of dynamic balance in core exercise group is much than shadowboxing group.The peak torque and average power has significantly increased in knee flexor and extensor at 60 °/ s and 120 °/ s in core exercise group than before(p<0.05).The peak torque and average power of ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion muscle has significantly increased(p < 0.05).The peak torque and average power of knee flexor and extensor have significantly increased in shadowboxing group(p < 0.05).There were no significant difference in peak torque and average power of knee flexor and extensor and ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion muscle in 60 °/ s and the 120 °/ s between groups.The peak torque and average power increased significantly in ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion muscle comparing to shadowboxing group(p < 0.05).3.The change of SEBT before and after exerciseWhen right leg support the ground,there is significantly increased in left leg SEBT(p < 0.01).And when left,there is significantly increased in right leg SEBT(p < 0.01)in core exercise group.In shadowboxing group all SEBT significantly improved(p<0.05).The SEBT in core exercise group have significant difference compared to shadowboxing group after exercise(p < 0.05).4.The change of fall index before and after exerciseThe fall risk index,the oscillation amplitude and the stability coefficient are significantly lower in core strength group after exercise(p < 0.01).The fall risk index,the oscillation amplitude and stability coefficient were significantly lower in shadowboxing group(p < 0.05).The fall risk index and the oscillation amplitude in core exercise group have significant lower compared to shadowboxing group after exercise(p < 0.01).Conclusion:1.Core strength exercise for 12 weeks can promote trunk and lower limb muscle mass,and improve the lower limb muscle strengthen,and improve the response speed,enhance the capacity of static balance and dynamic balance ability in old female,which can reduce the risk of falls in the elderly.2.The shadowboxing exercise for 12 weeks can improve lower limb and trunk muscle mass and lower limb muscle strength,improve flexibility and reaction velocity,improve static and dynamic balance ability,which can reduce the risk of falls in the elderly.3.There were no significant differences between two groups in BMI,physical quality and static balance ability.But the effect of improving the dynamic balance ability and reduce the risk of falls in core exercise group is better than shadowboxing group.