| Wheat is one of the wold’s most widely planting food crops,and about 30%-40% of the global population eat wheat as the main source of food.As the world’s first big wheat producers,the production of wheat in our country,mainly concentrated in the north of Qinling area.The Yellow River irrigation area in the north of Qinling area,including Shaanxi,Ningxia,Henan and Shandong provinces,the wheat planting area of the four provinces is about 41% of the national wheat planting area,and the wheat production of the four provinces is about 50%of the total wheat production.Our country’s wheat planting area and yield is about 25% and22% of the total national food crops.The total annual consumption of wheat is about 120 million tons,and is about half of the population’s main crop source,which plays an extremely important roles in China’s grain composition,influencing the food security of our country.Ensuring the problem of food security has always been influencing people’s livelihood,social stability and economic steady development of our country,which is a primary issue in national policy issues.Food security is a problem about the contradiction between supply and demand of grain.From the point of view of the demand for food,as the population continues to grow,the demand for food continues to increase.And from the point of the supply of food,cultivated land resources shortage and the adjustment of planting structure,result a decline of the planting area and planting proportion of wheat,and reduce the production of wheat.Therefore,the relationship between supply and demand of wheat becomes contradictory.Under the background of the era of increasingly scarce land resources,the way of increasingthe production by increasing the inputs is not desirable.Therefore improving the efficiency of wheat farmers becomes an effective way of increasing production.Efficiency can be decomposed to technical progress and technical efficiency.Without taking the technical progress into consideration,technical efficiency is an important way to increase the production.In the influence factors of farmers’ technical efficiency,land size and part-time job are two important perspectives.The inappropriate expansion of farm size will decline the technical efficiency of farmers,and the level of part-time job affect the agricultural inputs and the mode of farming operation,and then the technical efficiency of farmers changes.In addition,the interaction of both will impact the technical efficiency,and the influence of the comprehensive effect depend on the empirical analysis.Current research on the effect of interaction of technical efficiency.Therefore,to enhance the farmers’ technical efficiency,research on the land size,part-time job and the interaction of both on the wheat planting farmers’ technical efficiency is of great significance.Based on the literature,concept and theory,first of all,this paper analyze the present stage of the situation of production and business operation of wheat farmers in our country.Secondly,using the microscopic investigation data of 1006 wheat planting farmers,this paper briefly statistically analyze the situation of the sample area of wheat planting farmers,including wheat production,farm size,part-time job and other family characteristics.Finally,This paper conducts a stochastic frontier analysis to explore this relationship of farm size,part-time job and technical efficiency of wheat planting farmers,using data on 1,006 farm households from four major wheat-producing provinces in northern China.Our analysis yields forth important findings.First,the list main factors of production output elasticity is: land Input(0.503)> fixed Capital(0.350)> Fluent Capital(0.306)> Labor Capital(-0.132).Land is still the most important input in wheat production,and China’s population bonus still exists.The wheatfarmers’ scale elasticity is 1.03,so there is little potential for achieving economy of scale by simply expanding farm size.Second,given a household’s farm size,the impact of its part-time job on technical efficiency is monotonically decreasing with the level of its part-time job.Given a farm size,the impact of farm size appears to be inverted-U shaped for the majority of household.Third,the most technically efficient farm size increases with the level of household part-time job,round 5-10 mu for pure farm households,10-15 mu for Class-I households,and15-20 mu for Class-II households,which implies that a proper level of reallocation of farmland from the largest farm households to households with a certain level of part-time job may be able to achieve a higher level of technical efficiency.Forth,Irrigation rate,multiple crop index,education and age have significantly positive impacts on technical efficiency,while the occurrence of natural disasters can lead to significant loss in technical efficiency.These results suggest that governmental interventions aimed to improve local irrigation conditions,to prevent natural disasters,and to boost rural education will have the largest returns from investments in pure farm households(compared to investments in other types of households).Finally,the overall technical efficiency,0.877,suggests that wheat output can be increased by 12.3% if technical inefficiency were to be eliminated.The technical efficiency still have some room to improve. |
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