Spatial-temporal Variation And The Coupling-coordination Degree For New Urbanization And Ecological Efficiency Of Land Use In Yunnan Province

The development of urbanization was closely related to land use.It was important to maintain ecological efficiency of land use which was the foundation for improving the quality of urbanization.It was in a critical stage for the development of new urbanization and ecological civilization construction in China,and new urbanization and ecological civilization construction gradually became hot areas of research.It was crucial to accelerating the development of new urbanization and improving ecological efficiency of land use to spatial-temporal pattern and the coupling-coordination degree investigating for new urbanization and ecological efficiency of land use.It is a typical mountainous province for Yunnan,which was one of less developed areas in China,and had low urbanization level and fragile ecological environment.Along with the rapid expansion urbanization and industrialization and people’s excessive exploitation of natural resources,environment problems became more and more serious just like water losses and soil erosion and pollution.It is the inevitable choice to promoting the development of new urbanization and improving ecological efficiency for Yunnan province.This study constructed assessment indicator system for quality of new urbanization and ecological efficiency of land use with 23 indicators which was composed five dimensions including population,economic,society,space,and coordinating development of urban and rural and 16 indicators which was composed three dimensions including ecological condition of land use,ecological pressure of land use and ecological protection of land use respectively with social and economic statistic data from 2009 to 2014 in Yunnan province.This study had used information entropy method to determine weights of each indicator,and integrated diagnosis onobstacle amounts and coupling model to evaluating quality of new urbanization and ecological efficiency of land use,investigating spatial-temporal variation and the main impact factors for quality of new urbanization and ecological efficiency of land use,illuminating the coupling-coordination degree for new urbanization and ecological efficiency of land use from 2009 to 2014 in Yunnan province.Results showed that,(1)Kunming had the highest level of new urbanization in Yunnan,and in turn was Yuxi,Qujing,Honghe,Xishuangbanna,Chuxiong,Dehong,Dali,Diqing,Lijiang,Puer,Baoshan,Wenshan,Lincang,Zhaotong and Nujiang respectively.The quality of new urbanization had a decreasing trend from the central area to all around of Yunnan.It had a slightly decreasing trend for the quality of new urbanization in Kunming,Qujing and Yuxi,and it had an increasing trend for the others.The coordinating development of urban and rural was the primary factor in the five criterion layers for the assessment indicator system of new urbanization quality.The public finance budget per capita,GDP per capita,net income per capita in the rural,ratio of total retailing of social consuming goods between urban and rural,disposable income per capita for the urban resident,numbers of private cars per10,000 people,proportion of retail sales of consumer goods to total retail sales,numbers of professional books per 1000 people,ratio of workforce between urban and rural,population density of urban area were the key impacting factors for the new urbanization quality from 2009 to 2014 in Yunnan.Lincang had the greatest variability for the variable coefficient among the 16 states for new urbanization quality in Yunnan,and it changed gently for Kunming from 2009 to 2014.The variable coefficient had a decreasing trend among the 16 states for new urbanization quality in Yunnan from 2009 to 2014,which indicated that the differences had a decreasing trend among the 16 states in Yunnan.The difference for new urbanization quality was mainly come from differences among states in Yunnan.(2)Diqing had the highest ecological efficiency of land use in Yunnan,and in turn was Nujiang,Lijiang,Dali,Xishuangbanna,Dehong,Zhaotong,Kunming,Lincang,Puer,Yuxi,Chuxiong,Qujing,Wenshan,Baoshan and Honghe respectively.The ecological efficiency of land use had a decreasing trend from the northwest to the southeast of Yunnan.It hada slightly decreasing trend for the ecological efficiency of land use in Dali,Zhaotong,Xishuangban and Yuxi,and it had an increasing trend for the others.Ecological pressure of land use and ecological protection of land use were the two main factors in the three criterion layers for the assessment indicator system of ecological efficiency of land use.Discharged volume of industrial waste water per 10,000 output value,discharge of industrial waste gas per 10,000 output value,industrial solid waste material per 10,000 output value,waste water effluent per square kilometer in the urban area,utilization ratio of water resources,water consumption per 10,000 GDP,water consumption per 10,000 industrial added value,water resource per capita,percentage of wet land area to total land,afforestation area per capita were the key impacting factors for the ecological efficiency of land use from 2009 to 2014 in Yunnan.Yuxi had the greatest variability for the variable coefficient among the 16 states for ecological efficiency of land use in Yunnan,and it changed gently for Puer from 2009 to 2014.The variable coefficient had an increasing trend among the 16 states for ecological efficiency of land use in Yunnan from 2009 to 2014.Which indicated the differences had an increasing trend among the 16 states in Yunnan.The difference for ecological efficiency of land use was mainly come from differences among states in Yunnan.(3)It was equally matched between the new urbanization quality and ecological efficiency of land use from 2009 to 2014 in Yunnan province.Puer had the highest coupling degree,Kunming had the lowest coupling degree from2009 to 2014 in Yunnan province.Result of coordination evaluating between the new urbanization quality and ecological efficiency of land use was imbalance among the16 states from 2009 to 2014 in Yunnan province.This study proposed that communications among states would be improved in the process of new urbanization to construct city net system,and total retail sales of consumer goods would be enhanced to stimulate economic growth,perception of GDP of non-agricultural would be increased with industrial restructuring,the public financial investment and farmer’s income would be increased,good practices should be implemented to increase GDP and then to accelerating the new urbanization,the coordinated development of medium and small towns should be pay more attention.On the otherwise,effective measures should be taken action on protection of land ecological environment to improving ecological efficiency of land use,just like waste pollution and urban sewage drainage controlling,perception of wet land area and afforestation area per captia improving,water resources protecting and utilization ration of water resources improving to building ecological civilization city,and achieving ecological sustainable development.