The Behavior And Cognition Of The Fertilizing And Drug Use Of The Kourer Pear Growers

Since 2004,the central 1 document has been focusing on the "three farmers" for 13 consecutive years and has made green,safe and sustainable development ideas.In 2015 the national agricultural sustainable development planning(2015-2030)put forward: improvement of fertilizing,promotion of high efficiency,low toxicity,low residual pesticide,popularization and deepening the soil testing and fertilizer and plant diseases and insect pests prevention and control technology to find zero growth in 2020 to achieve chemical fertilizers.In 2017 the central file no.1 again,to intensify efforts to promote green production mode,enhance the capacity of agricultural sustainable development,further promote chemical fertilizers action of zero growth.Farmers,however,because of its own technical limitations and motivated,growing process of chemical fertilizers pesticides behavior science,rationality,from how unreasonable planting to scientific,safe,efficient,regulating the behavior of farmers,is a need to solve the problem.Xinjiang as a major agricultural province in China,xinjiang agricultural output from 2001 to2014 from 36 billion yuan to 195.5 billion yuan,while the xinjiang korla fragrant pear as xinjiang characteristic planting industry,since 2007,the planting area of 50000 mu per year at a speed of rapid growth,in 2016,because cotton prices,excess red jujube and planting,korla fragrant pear cultivation of enthusiasm,the district has a total area of 1.0949 million mu,an increase of 2015 compared with 2015 mu,the present significant scale advantages and quality advantages,how to in the food safety under the great pressure from the farmers thought and on regulating the behavior of farmers planting behavior,to achieve "quality efficiency" and "reduce cost increase efficiency",how to promote fruit industry market competitiveness,increase farmers income is the key to solving and regulating the behavior of farmers.In order to study the deep intension of the cultivation of the cultivation of the cultivation of the koller pear,this study mainly carried on the systematic research from the following three aspects.First of all,through to the korla fragrant pear planting situation of pesticide,fertilizer application and analysis of product safety monitoring,and so on and so forth,to master sample area korla fragrant pear plant pesticide and fertilizer use.On this basis,select typical sample area from 2013 to 2016 different years and different planting areas,different types of planting fruit of input-output change of composition,and its output efficiency,and so on and so forth were analyzed,and the use of damage control model and the DEA model to measure the sample area fertilizers pesticides whether there is too much time to use,and measure the redundancy,to analyze the chemical fertilizers of problems existing in the investment structure and the core elements of restricting output increase,setting out to reduce resource waste,optimizing the allocation of resources,reduce the pollution of the soil and water conservation,reduce labor input optimize the scheme of input and output;At the same time,considering farmers fertilizer use behavior and cognition of green pollution-free,use and so on,through questionnaires,the peasanthousehold surveys on micro data to support the farmers cognition and behavior of safety production and use cross analysis,and explore its core factors,through the Logistic model for the future to further improve farmers provide basis for scientific fertilization drug use behavior.The findings are as follows:(1)the korla fragrant pear industry and fertilizer applying pesticide content present growth,nearly 10 years,the sample area planting area and yield respectively from 11584 hectares in 2000,5.4484 tons in 2015 to 38873 hectares,37.4931 tons,but the subsequent use density is chemical fertilizers are beyond the upper limit of the safe use.2015 sample area fertilizer use density is715.54 kg/hm2,far more than 225 kg/hm2 safe use limit the international fertilizer,pesticide use density of 6.78 kg/hm2,a 3 kg/hm2 pesticide line still is 2.26 times higher,severe pollution elements into significant irrationality.(2)different years and different planting areas,old production material input,but the whole means of production into showed a trend of rising,and the corps of farmers in the various inputs were higher than local farmers by 2016,the corps per acre than nearly 700 yuan higher than that of place.Trend of production material input,the sample area fertilizer increase significantly,labor input,fertilizer increased by 380.33 yuan per acre input,labor costs increased an average of 284yuan/mu.At the same time,with the growth of the tree,the total per mu of the sample area increased significantly,and the total investment per mu increased from 3,089 yuan per mu to3,949 yuan per mu.(3)the damage control model estimates that the marginal productivity of the fertilizer pesticide is close to zero,which is that the farmers in the sample area overuse chemical fertilizers.DEA model to measure the corps and local farmers fertilizer inputs respectively in 970.66yuan/mu and 820.19 yuan/mu,pesticide input respectively in 61.05 yuan/mu and 65.68 yuan/mu has a better to maintain the current output,excessive investment on production,cause the waste of resources.(4)the production behavior of farmers is closely related to their cognition.62.38% of growers don't understand the role and organic fertilizer and biological pesticide,and 57% of the sample farmers basic don't know,pesticide residue and its harm,cognitive deficiencies as a direct result of fertilizer use is not scientific,fruit,with safety production behavior proportion was only about 20%.(5)The variables such as age and length of planting are the main factors affecting the production behavior of farmers.Young farmers accept the willingness and ability of the new technology is relatively high,the application of drug safety propaganda and related technical training understanding older people,older people are more likely to rely on their own experience,led to the production behavior is not scientific.But corps of part of the senior of the planting fixed number of year in more than 15 years,pay more attention to quality,and the efficiency,large sample area has grown 46.8% experience and profound new farmers about the importance of fruit safety cognition,the process of production the fertilization drug use behavior is as high as 57.74%meet safety standards.(6)the safety behavior of the regiments and local farmers was remarkable.Way for possible reasons for the different types of planting in xinjiang,the different territorial behavior exists obvious difference,corps of farmers for large-scale into garden construction,administrative mandatory is stronger,farmers will follow the divisions,regiments policy implement planting management requirements and technical guidance,and local farmers much less,and ethnicminority farmers more,interplanting way ratio is high,at the same time,influenced by traditional ideas,the grain crops investment is large,for horticulture precision management is poorer,'willingness to accept and adopt to new technology is not high,this is the main cause of safety behavior heterogeneity.Therefore,it should be considered in the following aspects:(1)increase scientific and technological training.For the special system of the soldier,the paper is to sign the responsibility of the control of the agricultural chemical fertilizers and pesticide of the corps,and the transformation of the efficiency and efficiency of the increase of the increase of the production capacity and the efficiency of the production.Local growers need to strengthen training in science and technology,especially the sewage sludge management,pest control,etc.,to realize increasing efficiency to quality,and the efficiency,reduce cost efficiency.(2)we will increase and improve the subsidies for the establishment of "ecological demonstration standard garden" and the protection of organic fertilizers and green non-pollution pesticides.More sustainable ecological cultivation of professional skills training,at the same time,introduced the corresponding subsidy policy,increase financial transfer payment budget for sellers or sales of the green,pollution-free fertilizers pesticides to buy green pollution-free fertilizers pesticides peasants for the corresponding subsidy,and through the construction of "ecological demonstration garden",make "ecological demonstration" fruit eagerly anticipates the development trend.(3)increase the intensity of source of fragrant pear quality and safety control,at the same time increase the intensity of fruit monitoring,distinguish ecological effect and general price,and improve market access standard,thus induce fruit production safety behavior.