Research On Horizontal Transfer Payment System Of Ecological Compensation Of China

China has accumulated rich material wealth,but also has brought tremendous pressure to the sustainable ecological environment at the same time,which has become a barrier to economic and social development.Horizontal transfer payment system of ecological compensation refers to the finance transfer from ecological potential in the area of high to low in social practice,to encourage the protection of ecological resources,and to punish pollution area,only in this way can achieve economic and ecologic development in balance.Improve the horizontal transfer payment system of ecological compensation is an important measure of ecological civilization construction in our country,it matters the relationship between the people's well-being of our nation,also be helpful to the restoration and protection of ecological environment,and contribute to achieve the optimal allocation of regional ecological environment resources,so that our country can really put on the road of sustainable development.Foreign countries,represented by Germany,have already made some achievements in the aspect of horizontal transfer payment system of ecological compensation.Our concrete practice started from the counterpart support of the Three Gorges reservoir area in the 1990 s,and after nearly three decades of development only extended to cross-basin areas.In 2011,China's first cross-basin horizontal ecological compensation pilot-Xin'anjiang ecological compensation pilot started,Zhejiang and Anhui provinces in the central government with the support of communication and coordination,our first cross-basin horizontal ecological compensation successfully implemented,horizontal transfer payment system is established nationwide.In 2016,the Ministry of Finance,in conjunction with the Ministry of Environmental Protection,extended the inter-basin ecological compensation pilot to Guangxi Jiuzhou River and Jiangxi Dongjiang River Basin to establish a complete horizontal and horizontal ecological compensation mechanism.In this paper,according to the logic of "theoretical analysis——China's initial practice——case analysis——international experience reference—— countermeasures",this paper is divided into six parts.Based on the analysis of the theory of fiscal justice and the theory of government ecological management,this paper analyzes the ecological compensation of China's ecological compensation from three aspects: the support of the Three Gorges reservoir area,the support mechanism of Wenchuan special natural disaster and the inter-provincial ecological compensation of Xin'anjiang.The paper points out that there are some shortcomings in the process of practice,such as the division of responsibilities and responsibilities is not clear,the cost of consultation and high transaction costs.Then,taking the middle route project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project as an example,this paper analyzes the specific practice of the ecological compensation horizontal transfer payment system in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River in Beijing and Tianjin region,and learns from the experience and problem.In addition,the international practice of Germany,Japan and the United States has also provided valuable experience to the establishment and perfection of China's ecological compensation horizontal transfer payment system.Finally,based on the first five parts of the elaboration and analysis,combined with the specific circumstances of China's ecological environment,the paper clarifies the establishment of China's ecological compensation horizontal transfer payment system to clear positioning,optimization of compensation and compensation standards,the construction of transfer payments,improve the legislation and the establishment of performance evaluation mechanism and so on.